Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to assess the relationship between smartphone usage time and postural alignment in teenage university students and the associated factors. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study with 133 teenage university students (18-19 years old) between April and November 2018 in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. Questionnaires were used to collect information on socioeconomic status, health conditions, smartphone usage time and level of physical activity. The alignment of the cervical region was assessed using photogrammetry in anatomical position and while texting on the smartphone. Horizontal alignment of the head (HAH), horizontal alignment of the acromion (HAA) and vertical alignment of the head (VAH) were measured. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to check for factors associated with smartphone usage time (>6 hours a day). Results: There were higher rates of girls (66.9%; n=89), people in the lower social class (71.4%; n=95), frequent drinkers (66.9%; n=89), people who complained of headache (83.5%; n=111) and people who used smartphones for more than 6 hours a day (72.9%; n=97). The multivariate analysis showed an association of smartphone usage time (>6 hours a day) with cervical anteriorization, estimated by measuring the VAH (OR=1.053; p=0.007 – left side), female gender (OR=2.729; p=0.046), frequent drinking (OR=2.636; p=0.038) and complaint of headache (OR=5.617; p=0.002). Conclusions: There was a high percentage of adolescents who excessively used smartphones for more than 6 hours a day. Prolonged smartphone use was associated with female gender, alcohol consumption, headache and changes in cervical alignment.
Highlights
Objetivo: avaliar a relação entre o tempo de uso do smartphone e o alinhamento postural em adolescentes universitários, bem como fatores associados
Objective: this study aimed to assess the relationship between smartphone usage time and postural alignment in teenage university students and the associated factors
The negative sign (-) in the Horizontal Alignment of the Head (HAH) and the positive sign (+) in the Horizontal Alignment of the Acromion (HAA) represent head tilt and shoulder elevation on the left side, respectively. *p
Summary
Objetivo: avaliar a relação entre o tempo de uso do smartphone e o alinhamento postural em adolescentes universitários, bem como fatores associados. Resultados: houve maior proporção do sexo feminino (66,9%; n=89), classe social baixa (71,4%; n=95), consumo de bebida alcoólica frequentemente (66,9%; n=89), queixa de dor de cabeça (83,5%; n=111) e tempo de uso do smartphone > 6 horas/dia (72,9%; n=97). Tempo de uso (>6 horas/dia) apresentou associação com anteriorização cervical, medido pelo AVC (OR=1,053; p=0,007 – lado esquerdo), sexo feminino (OR=2,729; p=0,046), consumo frequente de bebida alcoólica (OR=2,636; p=0,038) e queixa de dor de cabeça (OR=5,617; p=0,002). Conclusões: há elevado percentual de adolescentes que usam o smartphone por tempo excessivo, superior a 6 horas/diárias, relacionando-se com sexo feminino, consumo de bebida alcoólica, dor de cabeça e alteração no alinhamento cervical. In view of the considerations outlined above, this study aimed to assess the relationship between smartphone usage time and postural alignment in teenage university students and the associated factors
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