Smartphone threshold audiometry in underserved primary health-care contexts

Abstract

Objective: To validate a calibrated smartphone-based hearing test in a sound booth environment and in primary health-care clinics. Design: A repeated-measure within-subject study design was employed whereby air-conduction hearing thresholds determined by smartphone-based audiometry was compared to conventional audiometry in a sound booth and a primary health-care clinic environment. Study sample: A total of 94 subjects (mean age 41 years ± 17.6 SD and range 18–88; 64% female) were assessed of whom 64 were tested in the sound booth and 30 within primary health-care clinics without a booth. Results: In the sound booth 63.4% of conventional and smartphone thresholds indicated normal hearing (≤15 dBHL). Conventional thresholds exceeding 15 dB HL corresponded to smartphone thresholds within ≤10 dB in 80.6% of cases with an average threshold difference of −1.6 dB ± 9.9 SD. In primary health-care clinics 13.7% of conventional and smartphone thresholds indicated normal hearing (≤15 dBHL). Conventional thresholds exceeding 15 dBHL corresponded to smartphone thresholds within ≤10 dB in 92.9% of cases with an average threshold difference of −1.0 dB ± 7.1 SD. Conclusions: Accurate air-conduction audiometry can be conducted in a sound booth and without a sound booth in an underserved community health-care clinic using a smartphone.