Abstract
Heart rate (HR) is an important parameter in the study of the developmental physiology of chicken embryos and a crucial indicator of dead or live embryo grading in artificial incubation processes. A non-invasive HR measurement technique is required for long-term and routine HR assessment with minimal influence on embryo development. Accordingly, in this study, a non-invasive HR measurement technique of chicken embryos using a smartphone is demonstrated. The detection method of the proposed device is based on the photoplethysmography principle in which a smartphone camera is used for video recording, and the chicken embryonic HR is obtained from the recorded video images using a custom Android application. We used a smartphone to measure the embryonic HR of 60 native chicken eggs and found that it can measure the chicken embryonic HR from day 4 to day 20. The proposed smartphone HR device will be beneficial for scientific research and industrial applications. With internet connectivity, users can utilize their smartphone to measure the HR, display, share, and store the results.
Highlights
Heart rate (HR) is recognized as an important physiological parameter for studying the developmental physiology of chicken embryos, a widely used experimental animal model [1,2]
Several measurement techniques for HR detection in chicken embryos have been developed in recent years, which can be categorized into three groups: invasive, semi-invasive, and non-invasive techniques
An Android application was developed for image acquisition and processing, as well as for embryonic HR extraction from the frequency spectrum
Summary
Heart rate (HR) is recognized as an important physiological parameter for studying the developmental physiology of chicken embryos, a widely used experimental animal model [1,2]. Several studies [3,4,5,6] have been conducted on the HR, HR patterns, and HR fluctuations of the developing chicken embryos which are affected by the environmental conditions in the artificial incubator such as temperature, humidity, and gas exchange, during the incubation period. Several measurement techniques for HR detection in chicken embryos have been developed in recent years, which can be categorized into three groups: invasive, semi-invasive, and non-invasive techniques. Among the semi-invasive techniques, an electrocardiogram (ECG) has been widely used for chicken embryonic HR measurements [4,8,9,10,11] because of the ready availability of ECG equipment.
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