Abstract
Over recent years, waters in and around Fiji has increasingly succumbed to a reasonable level of contamination. Water quality is defined with set of standards that clearly state the parameters of different properties in water. These standards are different at various geographic locations. The specific quantitative values of these parameters for the Fiji Islands are established by the Fiji National Drinking Water Quality Standards (FNDWQS). Fiji is geographically located in the vast Pacific Ocean, and requires a data collection framework for different water parameters to monitor water quality. The GIS framework system can effectively solve this continuously in real-time. With the end goal being to quantify different parameters; four (04) key performance indicators (KPI) are identified: Temperature, potential of hydrogen (pH), Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP), and Conductivity. This paper presents a Smart Water Quality Monitoring System (SWQMS) which has been developed and deployed in five (05) Fijian locations (nodes) for the aforementioned KPIs measurement. The SWQMS interfaced with GIS and were powered using solar based Renewable Energy Source (REs). Finally, obtained data were tested and analyzed using statistical methods and verified comparing with the FNDWQS. The findings demonstrated that the system is capable of delivering an accurate and consistent measurement of water quality in real-time. Hence SWQMS could be a smart choice for various Pacific Island Countries (PICs) to use to monitor the water quality and in turn develop sustainable cities and societies.
Highlights
Environmental and ecological changes have put various marine species at risk of extermination and poses a real threat to biodiversity
Since the Smart Water Quality Monitoring System (SWQMS) system of this research works in real-time, the temperature is used as a dynamic parameter which is directly co-related to the other key performance indicator (KPI)
In the SWQMS, sensor data has been interfaced with GIS, and four (04) different sources of water samples were monitored in real-time measuring four (04) KPIs in this case study conducted in the Fiji Islands
Summary
Environmental and ecological changes have put various marine species at risk of extermination and poses a real threat to biodiversity. The fundamental objective of this GIS integration and sensor-based water monitoring system is the automation of the measurement of the KPIs [8] of surface water, resulting in improved reliability and performance This system will further simplify the respective tasks involved by the various interested parties (i.e., the Water and Environment Management Authority) within the scope of water quality management [9,10,11,12]. Since the SWQMS system of this research works in real-time, the temperature is used as a dynamic parameter which is directly co-related to the other KPIs. The first essential task was to identify the water parameters that can provide an indication of water contamination through an extensive review and research [19,20]; the parameters were selected to be composed of pH, ORP, conductivity, and temperature.
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