Abstract
Industry 4.0 has led to paradigm shifts and changes for planning and developing manufacturing processes. To successfully embrace this revolution and confront the numerous challenges, manufacturing enterprises have to cope with the need for technological advancement and provide sustainable training and education for their workforce. This great transformation affects not only the integration of the digital and physical environments but, most importantly, also the relationships between humans and manufacturing sites. In this paper, we take into account the human-in-the-loop for digitalization challenges and present a 3I (Intellect, Interaction, and Interface) aspect for factories to increase the adoption of smart technologies toward the smart manufacturing vision. The Intellect aspect aims to add knowledge to the manufacturing equipment. The Interaction aspect targets at the collaboration between humans and manufacturing equipment. The Interface aspect explores appropriate means for humans to exploit the intelligence of technologies for the communication with the manufacturing equipment. In addition to the concept-related propositions, we also demonstrate a set of selected application examples to illustrate how the proposed aspects can drive new growth opportunities for enterprises.
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