Abstract
Abstract Nanomedicine is ongoing current research in the applications of nanotechnology for cancer therapy. Simply from a technology perspective, this field of research has an enormous broadening and success to date. Recently, nanomedicine has also made inroads in the treatment of cancer. Stimuli-responsive nanoparticles are an emerging field of research because its targeting capacity is of great interest in the treatment of cancer. The responsive nanoparticles are efficient in encountering different internal biological stimuli (acidic, pH, redox, and enzyme) and external stimuli (temperature, ultrasounds, magnetic field, and light), which are used as smart nanocarriers for delivery of the chemotherapeutic and imaging agents for cancer therapy. In-depth, the responsive nanocarrier that responds to the biological cues is of pronounced interest due to its capability to provide a controlled release profile at the tumor-specific site. The outlook of this review focuses on the stimuli-responsive nanocarrier drug delivery systems in sequence to address the biological challenges that need to be evaluated to overcome conventional cancer therapy.
Highlights
Cancer is the second biggest populate disease to go after cardiovascular disease with the leading cause of death [1,2,3,4]
The unique aspect of the redox responsive nanocarrier systems is the S–S bond that is chemically cross-linked as a gating or capping molecule on the surface of the nanoparticle is cleaved upon the addition of GSH, causing the rapid drug release to the tumor cells [63]
There are many exogenous stimuli used for drug delivery systems, among those temperature-responsive drug delivery systems afford potential advantages compared to other counterparts because of their flexibility in design, regulating the phase transition temperatures, passive targeting capability
Summary
Cancer is the second biggest populate disease to go after cardiovascular disease with the leading cause of death [1,2,3,4]. Many different types of chemotherapeutic agents have been used to treat cancer, both individually and in combination Because these drugs are unable to distinguish between normal and cancer cells, they cause a slew of unfavorable side effects [13,14,15,16,17]. A variety of nanoparticles, including polymeric, inorganic, and lipid-based carrier systems, have been reported for drug delivery to cancer cells [36,37,38,39,40,41,42]. Few clinical trials that use nanoparticlesbased drug delivery systems to treat various cancer types have been revealed. This review debates the development of nanoparticles for stimuli-responsive drug delivery research and clinical developments around the globe
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