Abstract
In the article it is showed that regional smart specializations that are currently the most important tool of the European innovation policy may be perceived, and if effective should constitute, innovative ecosystems. The article presents the concepts of smart specializations and innovative ecosystems. The concept of innovative ecosystem is, in the article, presented from the perspective of its foundation and relations to other concepts and theories. Cooperation in innovation process of varied actors is by authors considered as the major feature of both smart specializations and innovative ecosystems. The results of research carried out by authors and showing crucial role of the cooperation in innovation process for the results in terms of innovation and competitiveness of firms as well as regional development are presented. These research results also show that firms in smart specializations are more R&D&I intensive and more prone to cooperation than other companies and that smart specializations have positive effects on regional development. The applied methods are desk research and literature review as well as direct research based on a survey and econometric analysis of the results of the survey.
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