Abstract
Abstract. In these last years, there has been an increasing use of the Structure from Motion (SfM) techniques applied to Cultural Heritage. The accessibility of SfM software can be especially advantageous to users in non-technical fields or to those with limited resources. Thanks to SfM using, everyone can make with a digital camera a 3D model applied to an object of both Cultural Heritage, and physically Environment, and work arts, etc. One very interesting and useful application can be envisioned into museum collection digitalization. In the last years, a social experiment has been conducted involving young generation to live a social museum using their own camera to take pictures and videos. Students of university of Catania and Palermo were involved into a national event #digitalinvasion (2015-2016 editions) offering their personal contribution: they realized 3D models of the museums collection through the SfM techniques. In particular at the National Archaeological Museum Salinas in Palermo, it has been conducted an organized survey to recognize the most important part of the archaeological collection. It was a success: in both #digitalinvasion National Event 2015 and 2016 the young students of Engineering classes carried out, with Photoscan Agisoft, more than one hundred 3D models some of which realized by phone camera and some other by reflex camera and some other with compact camera too. The director of the museum has been very impressed from these results and now we are going to collaborate at a National project to use the young generation crowdsourcing to realize a semi-automated monitoring system at Salinas Archaeological Museum.
Highlights
1.1 IntroductionLow-cost digital photogrammetry using structure-from-motion (SfM) has made it possible for nearly anyone with a digital camera to create dense and precise point cloud models of the physical environment. (Inzerillo, L. et al, 2016)
Thanks to SfM using, everyone can make with a digital camera a 3D model applied to an object of both Cultural Heritage, and physically Environment, and work arts, etc. (Kersten, et al 2012; Smith, et al 2015) .Photogrammetry describes a broad array of techniques used to derive physical measurements from 2D images, and digital photogrammetry describes any type of photogrammetry involving digital images (Verhoeven, 2011; Westoby, et al 2012)
Structure from motion (SfM) represents a popular photogrammetric method that uses the principle of parallax to derive 3D measurements based on shifts in image features from different photographs taken at different vantage points. (Mikhail, Bethel, & McGlone, 2001)
Summary
Low-cost digital photogrammetry using structure-from-motion (SfM) has made it possible for nearly anyone with a digital camera to create dense and precise point cloud models of the physical environment. (Inzerillo, L. et al, 2016). The initial image alignment step placed some or all images into their correct locations and generated a sparse point cloud of tie points —i.e., points representing key features detected in multiple images— that vaguely resembled the modeled scene. With all images correctly placed, the third step used SfM to generate a dense point cloud of coordinates based on information in the images. At this point, the resulting point cloud contained millions of points that collectively provided a photorealistic 3D rendering of the modeled object. In the PhotoScan workflow, these last two steps involved generating a meshed surface based on the point cloud and applying image-based texture —i.e., texture mapping— to the mesh for photorealism.
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