Abstract
The installation of smart meters in smart cities to monitor streetlights (SLs) provides easy access to measurements of electrical variables and lighting levels, which improves the operation of installation. The use of smart meters in cities requires temporary high-resolution data to improve the energy efficiency (EE) of SLs. Long range (LoRa) is an ideal wireless protocol for use in smart cities due to its low energy consumption, secure communications, and long range indoors and outdoors. For this purpose, we developed a low-cost new system and successfully evaluated it by developing three devices, namely the measure and control device for street lights (MCDSL), lighting level measurement device (LLMD) and gateway LoRa network (GWLN), based on the Arduino open-source electronic platform. This paper describes the hardware and software design and its implementation. Further, an algorithm has been developed to enhance the energy efficiency of public lights using MCDSL, the energy efficiency for street lights (EESL) algorithm, that use the illumination level measured on the same set of SLs with a dynamic control, which assumed different lighting levels throughout the night, and adjusted luminous flux based on the traffic intensity of pedestrians. It sends the acquired data through the LoRa low-power wide-area-network (LPWAN) to the cloud.
Highlights
Nowadays, the energy crisis and environment pollution have become a global problem, and the increasing use of energy has caused climate change
The system consists of three devices: (i) gateway LoRa network (GWLN) to centralize communications and upload data to the cloud; (ii) measure and control device for street lights (MCDSL) to control the SLs, make measurements of electrical variables and position with GPS, communicating through Long range (LoRa) low-power wide-area-network (LPWAN) with the GWLN; (iii) level measurement device (LLMD) to measure the lighting level and send the data to the GWLN
Acts as GW (Gateway) for the LoRa system composed of MCDSL#1 . . . MCDSL#n and LLMD, all these components compose the LoRa LPWAN network used in this research
Summary
The energy crisis and environment pollution have become a global problem, and the increasing use of energy has caused climate change. In order to minimize electricity consumption, new technology has to be implemented for street lighting systems This energy consumption can be reduced considerably by applying new communication and control technologies. Kabalci et al [1] presented the smart infrastructure system that includes a smart energy system as well as smart communication and smart information systems In this way, the paper [2] provided a classification of technical and regulatory characteristics of IoT services for smart cities which are mapped to corresponding roles in the IoT value chain, and characterize and identify specific requirements for several smart city services, namely, smart metering, smart parking, smart street lighting and MCS. In addition to the paper [6] the authors improved the energy efficiency and quality of street lighting by applying two different solutions to achieve energy saving in street lighting design: the installation of luminous flux regulators and the replacement of existing luminaires with LED.
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