Abstract
The need to reduce the use of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions produced by the transport sector has generated a clear increasing trend in transportation electrification and the future of energy and mobility. This paper reviews the current research trends and future work for power electronics-based solutions that support the integration of photovoltaic (PV) energy sources and smart grid with charging systems for electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV). A compressive overview of isolated and non-isolated DC–DC converters and AC–DC converter topologies used to interface the PV-grid charging facilities is presented. Furthermore, this paper reviews the modes of operation of the system currently used. Finally, this paper explores the future roadmap of research for power electronics solutions related to photovoltaic (PV) systems, smart grid, and transportation electrification.
Highlights
There is growing concern in the world over climate change and global warming
AC–DC inverter, which is part of the AC grid stage, aims to control the power factor and the current injected into the grid, and regulate the DC voltage to adapt to that required by the common DC bus [34]; and a bidirectional DC–DC converter, which belongs to the charger stage, serves as an interface for the electric vehicles (EVs)/plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), controlling the DC charging current
Single point of fault is avoided; Z-source inverter (ZSI) has a packed structure due to the decreased number of stages; Galvanic isolation is feasible between the charger side and the PV and grid; Presents an opening to step up the charging power levels by adding such converters; Any battery voltage levels can be charged by changing the charger side of the converter between voltage sharing or current sharing; Due to the dependency on the size of passive components, higher frequency this inverter can be designed using wide-band-gap devices
Summary
There is growing concern in the world over climate change and global warming. Since one of the main causes of global warming is greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, its reduction is an indisputable and urgent need. It has been analyzed that even global consumption fossil fuel will be lower with high penetration of EV in transportation, but the efficacy in long-term GHG reduction will only be achieved when EV policy incorporates maximum uses of renewable energy with carbon pricing [4] Both conventional electric power and conventional vehicles rely on the combustion of fossil fuels, which contributes to the emission of CO2 [5,6]. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the current state and future trends on the DC–DC and AC–DC converter topologies used to interface EVs/PHEVs with smart grid and PV energy sources, considering the challenges mentioned above in order to choose the right topology. Presents a summary of the main points of the paper and the possible future work that can be developed to improve the power electronics-based solutions to interface PV and smart grid with electric transportation
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