Abstract
Bacterial infections are a severe medical problem, especially in traumatology, orthopedics, and surgery. The local use of antibiotics-elution materials has made it possible to increase the effectiveness of acute infections treatment. However, the infection prevention problem remains unresolved. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of polylactic acid (PLA) “smart” films with microchamber arrays. These microchambers contain ceftriaxone as a payload in concentrations ranging from 12 ± 1 μg/cm2 to 38 ± 8 μg/cm2, depending on the patterned film thickness formed by the different PLA concentrations in chloroform. In addition, the release profile of the antibiotic can be prolonged up to 72 h in saline. At the same time, on the surface of agar plates, the antibiotic release time increases up to 96 h, which has been confirmed by the growth suppression of the Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The efficient loading and optimal release rate are obtained for patterned films formed by the 1.5 wt % PLA in chloroform. The films produced from 1.5 and 2 wt % PLA solutions (thickness—0.42 ± 0.12 and 0.68 ± 0.16 µm, respectively) show an accelerated ceftriaxone release upon the trigger of the therapeutic ultrasound, which impacted as an expansion of the bacterial growth inhibition zone around the samples. Combining prolonged drug elution with the on-demand release ability of large cargo amount opens up new approaches for personalized and custom-tunable antibacterial therapy.
Highlights
All resulting microchamber arrays (MCAs) had a conical shape with a height of 21 ± 1 μm (Figure 1a,b)
Changes in polylactic acid (PLA) concentration during patterned film formation resulted in a changes in PLA concentration during patterned film formation resulted in a decrease in the usable volume of microcontainers and an improvement in retention
When a patterned film is formed from 1 wt % PLA, its contribution to the total thickness is minimal and film is formed from 1 wt % PLA, its contribution to the total thickness is minimal and practically indistinguishable from the thickness of a flat film of 3.5 wt % PLA
Summary
Bacterial infections remain a serious problem in medicine due to the high risk of numerous infectious complications accompanying injuries and surgical interventions even in developed countries [1]. In hot and humid climates, even slight skin damage without timely antibiotic therapy can lead to blood poisoning, gangrene, and amputation [2]. The development of chronic wound bacterial infections [3,4] and implant-associated infections [5,6] is often accompanied by the formation of biofilms, which leads to virulence. Most biofilm remediation strategies involve developing biofilm dispersing agents to disrupt the biofilm cell community or biofilm inhibiting agents from preventing the early stages of biofilm formation [7]
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