Abstract
Most of the existing smart parking systems threaten the drivers' privacy by revealing information about their visited locations. Moreover, they are centralized making them vulnerable to a single point of failure and attack, which threatens the availability of the parking service. They also suffer from a lack of transparency, where the centralized service organizer may favor some parking lots by booking their parking slots first. To tackle these concerns, we propose a blockchain-based smart parking system with privacy preservation and reputation management. In our system, a consortium blockchain is created by different parking lots to run the parking system securely and transparently, where the parking offers are recorded on a shared and immutable ledger. We use a commitment technique during the submission of the offers to ensure fair parking rates. Then, we use a private information retrieval technique during the offers retrieval to preserve the drivers' location privacy. Furthermore, to anonymously and efficiently authenticate drivers during the reservation process, we use a short randomizable signature. We also use a time-locked anonymous payment technique to discourage drivers from not committing to their parking reservations and provide a secure and privacy-preserving payment method for parking service. Finally, we integrate a blockchain-based anonymous reputation management scheme into our system, where drivers can anonymously rate the parking service to ensure high quality of service. Our evaluations demonstrate that our smart parking system is secure and capable of preserving drivers' privacy with low communication, computation, and storage overheads.
Highlights
With the fast-growing number of vehicles, finding a vacant parking slot has become a daily problem in our societies, especially in crowded cities
PRELIMINARIES we present the necessary background on blockchain and smart contracts, private information retrieval (PIR), and cryptographic primitives that are used in our system
WORK In this article, we have proposed a privacy-preserving blockchain-based smart parking system
Summary
With the fast-growing number of vehicles, finding a vacant parking slot has become a daily problem in our societies, especially in crowded cities. The existing smart parking systems [8]–[12] do not consider the privacy of drivers They require drivers to disclose sensitive information during queries for available parking slots and reservations, such as real identities, destinations, and reservation times to the service manager. With the increasing popularity of the location-based services, location privacy has been recognized as a big concern in the literature in different applications such as location-based queries, reporting traffic data, and ridesharing organization [14]–[17] In this regard, some schemes [18]–[21] have been proposed in the literature to address the privacy issues in the existing smart parking systems.
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