Smart management system in electric market considering customer demand response

Abstract

The case of a disruptive agent that tries to maximize damage to the system (determined by total network operating costs), while the system operator is taking the appropriate steps to minimize the consequences of the attack, is considered in the present study. A bi-level optimization problem is used to model the interaction between the two agents. One aspect of this is that the destructive factor is involved in the top-level optimization problem and should choose that lines and generators to disable (with a restricted destructive budget). Therefore, a new scheme is proposed for maximizing the system's resilience under intentional attacks, by implementing distributed energy resources (DERs) such as distributed generation, and demand response. Also, the grey wolf optimization algorithm is used to solve the optimization problem in the paper. By allocating DERs in islands produced by destroyed lines and generators, three metrics have been suggested in order to evaluate resilience.