Abstract
Objective: Design and evaluation of fluvoxamine loaded bio-nanosuspensions using biopolymer which was isolated from the wood of Santalum album used as the stabilizer.Methods: The main aim of the present investigation was to obtain an ocular drug delivery system with improved stability using biopolymer. The fluvoxamine loaded Bio-nanosuspension was prepared using novel biopolymer isolated from Santalum album by sonication solvent evaporation method with different ratios (1%, 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%) and evaluated for particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, pH stability studies, %entrapment efficacy, in vitro drug release, stability studies.Results: The prepared bio-nanosuspension was subjected to the best formulation based on the comparison of above-mentioned evaluation parameters, so Fb3 (3%) formulation was found to be the best formulation showing an R2 value of 0.9744, T50% of 31.3 h and T80% of 50.1 h respectively. According to the release kinetics, the best fit model was found to be Peppas Korsmeyer with Fickian Diffusion (Higuchi Matrix) as the mechanism of drug release. Santalum album provided excellent stability for the formulation, and resulting particle size for the best formulation was found to be 196 nm. The bio-nanosuspension had Polydispersity Index (PDI) of 0.19 with zeta potential of-20mV.Conclusion: The prepared bio-nanosuspension was found to be safe and compatible with the ophthalmic delivery for treatment of depression.
Highlights
Soluble drugs are very often a challenging problem in drug formulation, especially when the drugs are poorly soluble simultaneously in aqueous and non-aqueous media
Because of the Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) does not show significantly variation in the efficacy relative to the tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and the SSRIs do not show very important extrapyramidal side-effects, they are increasingly becoming the drugs of choice in depression remedy
The results obtained were reproducible with insignificant variation and can be adopted for scaling up in a bulk manner
Summary
Soluble drugs are very often a challenging problem in drug formulation, especially when the drugs are poorly soluble simultaneously in aqueous and non-aqueous media. Investigating the ocular biodistribution of nanoparticles can provide insights into the bioavailability, cellular uptake, duration of drug action, and toxicity. Many factors such as particle size, composition, surface charge and mode of administration influence the biodistribution in the retinal structures and their drainage from the ocular tissues [8]. Small particle size and large surface area can improve the dissolution, saturation solubility and bioavailability of the drug [21]. It has been recommended that particles be less than 10 μmto minimize particle irritation to the eye, decrease tearing and drainage of instilled dose and increase the efficacy of an ocular treatment. In addition to the antidepressant properties of fluvoxamine, fluvoxamine is used for the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorders, social phobia, and anxiety disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder and panic disorder [19]
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