Abstract
This paper presents a new optimization algorithm for home energy management systems (HEMSs) in three-phase unbalanced low-voltage (LV) distribution networks. Compared with conventional HEMS optimization methods, which consider only the active power consumption scheduling for smart home appliances and distributed energy resources (DERs) (e.g., solar photovoltaic (PV) systems and energy storage systems (ESSs)), the novelty of the proposed approach is to consider: i) both active and reactive power consumption schedulings of home appliances and DERs, ii) realistic three-phase unbalanced LV distribution networks with voltage-dependent load models, and iii) voltage control using an on-load tap changer transformer and smart inverters of PV system and ESS at the households. The proposed HEMS optimization algorithm, which is formulated using mixed-integer linear programming, is tested in the modified CIGRE LV distribution network. Numerical examples demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm in terms of active/reactive power consumption, three-phase voltage magnitudes, and the total cost of electricity.
Highlights
As residential households consume approximately one third of the total electricity consumption [1], home energy management systems (HEMSs) have become an indispensable technology for the efficient and economical management of residential energy usage
Emerging smart grid technologies including distributed energy resources (DERs) (e.g., rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) and energy storage system (ESS)), advanced metering infrastructure with smart meters, and demand side management have enabled consumers to achieve more energy saving through the HEMSs equipped with these smart grid technologies [2]
To address the aforementioned limitations and challenges, this study proposes a more practical HEMS optimization algorithm that can be executed in realistic distribution system operating conditions
Summary
As residential households consume approximately one third of the total electricity consumption [1], home energy management systems (HEMSs) have become an indispensable technology for the efficient and economical management of residential energy usage. In three-phase unbalanced LV distribution networks, the proposed approach schedules the optimal consumption of both active and reactive power of unbalanced voltage-dependent household loads to reduce the electricity cost within the consumers comfort level while maintaining voltage quality along the distribution feeders by the operation of OLTCs and the active and/or reactive power dispatch of the DERs. A number of researchers have reported methods to manage home energy consumption. The novelty of this paper is that it provides a practical HEMS optimization framework that schedules the economical energy consumption of smart household appliances based on three-phase unbalanced voltage-dependent load models, considering the control of the OLTC and DERs to provide consumers with acceptable voltage quality. In the considered LV system, voltage regulating devices are the OLTC transformer and smart inverters of PV system and ESS of each household
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