Abstract
Internet of things, data science, deep learning, augmented reality, edge computing, and digital twins present new opportunities, challenges, and solutions for agriculture, plant sciences, animal sciences, food sciences, and social sciences. These disruptive technologies are at the centre of the fourth industrial revolution. The chapter discusses knowledge engineering to intellectualize higher education. Also, it explains how knowledge engineering (KE) can be utilized to construct intelligent learning and smart tutoring systems (STSs). The intersection of AI, web science, and data science enables a new generation of online-based educational and training tools to determine and examine the benefits of such computational paradigms for smart tutoring systems. Built on this architecture, data science courses should be user-, tool-, and application-based.
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