Abstract
The idea of smart cities originated as a strategy for addressing the unparalleled challenges of rapid urbanization, rising population density and, at the same time, giving residents and visitors a better quality of life. A smart city consists of smart components such as smart health, smart buildings, smart transport and smart industry, which form various city domains where the meaning of the “smart” label has different connotations in each domain. Internet of Things (IoT) along with advanced communication technologies is essential means for realizing smartness in any of smart city domains. IoT saw its journey from the unthinkable and the impossible to sustainable and tenable. Its pace of expansion from agriculture to athletics; personal safety to intelligent traffic detection; baby monitors to high-end military systems is incredible, and unforeseeable. It is to say that the future implementation fields of IoT are numerous and complex, impacting all aspects of human life. The European Internet of Things Research Cluster (IERC) defines and explains key IoT technologies that cover various constituting domains of Smart City viz. smart health, smart transport, smart building, and smart industry. This chapter identifies the major pilot projects in each of these domains that were launched to turn the catchphrase ‘Smart City’ into reality. It summarizes the outcomes of these projects and also recognizes the major technologies, tools, challenges and future opportunities in these domains.
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