Abstract
Several studies reported the significant effect of indoor air quality on human health, safety, productivity, and comfort because most humans usually conduct 80%–90% of their activity inside the building. This is generally due to the fact that indoor pollution is associated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs), pollutants with chronic health effects, both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic, on humans. Therefore, this study focused on developing wireless VOCs sensor nodes with a low-power strategy feature to perform an autonomous operation in indoor air quality monitoring (IAQM). The sensor node mainboard consists of a microcontroller-based AVR (ATmega-4808) that supports a low power mode and low-power IAQ-Core sensor for VOCs detection. The low-power sensing algorithm developed also allowed the sensor node to consume a total power of 0.22 mAh for one cycle of operation, which includes the initial process, TVOCs value reading process, data transmitting process, and low power mode process at a time interval of 30 min. The most significant power was observed to be consumed in the data transmitting process with 0.13 mAh or 58% of total power consumption in one cycle of sensor node operation. Furthermore, the 10F capacitance of the supercapacitor was able to drive the VOCs sensor node for 139 s and it was recommended that further studies use micro energy harvesting (from an indoor environment) to extend its lifetime. The 1541-minute field experiment conducted also showed that TVOCs and CO2 values were successfully measured and displayed over an internet connection on the monitoring terminal dashboard. The recorded real-time TVOCs value of 175 ppb (<200 ppb) indicates good air quality.
Highlights
IntroductionThe 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development pays serious attention to healthy living
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development pays serious attention to healthy living.This is indicated in Goal 3 (3.9), which is targeted towards reducing the number of deaths caused by pollution and contamination, as well as Goal 11 (11.1–11.3), which focuses on safety and health by gender, age, and persons with disabilities from different types of residence
The development of science and technology promotes innovation in realizing healthy living with a focus on air pollution
Summary
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development pays serious attention to healthy living This is indicated in Goal 3 (3.9), which is targeted towards reducing the number of deaths caused by pollution and contamination, as well as Goal 11 (11.1–11.3), which focuses on safety and health by gender, age, and persons with disabilities from different types of residence. The development of science and technology promotes innovation in realizing healthy living with a focus on air pollution. This is considered necessary because the exploitation of natural resources, manufacturing activities, and the massive use of transportation are known to be producing unavoidable air pollution, which is very hazardous to human health and even has the ability to cause death [2,3]. Previous studies have shown that humans conduct 80%–90% of their activities indoors [3–6]
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