"Smart" Antimicrobial Nanocomplexes with Potential to Decrease Surgical Site Infections (SSI).

Zehra Edis,May Reda Ibrahim,Samir Haj Bloukh,Hamed Abu Sara

doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics12040361

Zehra Edis, May Reda Ibrahim + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12040361

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Journal: Pharmaceutics	Publication Date: Apr 15, 2020
Citations: 35	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Ajman University

Abstract

The emergence of resistant pathogens is a burden on mankind and threatens the existence of our species. Natural and plant-derived antimicrobial agents need to be developed in the race against antibiotic resistance. Nanotechnology is a promising approach with a variety of products. Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNP) have good antimicrobial activity. We prepared AgNPs with trans-cinnamic acid (TCA) and povidone–iodine (PI) with increased antimicrobial activity. We synthesized also AgNPs with natural cinnamon bark extract (Cinn) in combination with PI and coated biodegradable Polyglycolic Acid (PGA) sutures with the new materials separately. These compounds (TCA-AgNP, TCA-AgNP-PI, Cinn-AgNP, and Cinn-AgNP-PI) and their dip-coated PGA sutures were tested against 10 reference strains of microorganisms and five antibiotics by zone inhibition with disc- and agar-well-diffusion methods. The new compounds TCA-AgNP-PI and Cinn-AgNP-PI are broad spectrum microbicidal agents and therefore potential coating materials for sutures to prevent Surgical Site Infections (SSI). TCA-AgNP-PI inhibits the studied pathogens stronger than Cinn-AgNP-PI in-vitro and on coated sutures. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman, X-ray diffraction (XRD), microstructural analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the composition of TCA-AgNP-PI and Cinn-AgNP-PI. Smart solutions involving hybrid materials based on synergistic antimicrobial action have promising future perspectives to combat resistant microorganisms.

Highlights

Antimicrobial resistance is, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), one of the major threats to the existence of mankind [1]
Spherical silver particles are formed due to the aggregation of small particles with high surface free energy. In both cases of chemical and green reduction of AgNO3, the resulting nanoparticles were small in size, indicating efficient synthesis
The energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) shows the presence of silver and carbon in all samples while iodine appears only in the two samples trans-cinnamic acid (TCA)-AgNP-PI and cinnamon bark extract (Cinn)-AgNP-PI after the addition of povidone iodine

Summary

Introduction

Antimicrobial resistance is, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), one of the major threats to the existence of mankind [1]. Irrational antibiotic use, lack of incentives, and research efforts for the development of new antibiotics resulted in antibiotic resistance worldwide [2]. Alone in the EU antibiotic resistant, microbes cause reportedly disability, mortality, and increasing costs in medical care [7,8,9]. There is still no single multi-drug-resistant microorganism capable of causing a pandemic like the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [10]. This global outbreak is just a glimpse into similar scenarios in the near future, if we fail to develop solutions against antimicrobial resistant pathogens.

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