Abstract
Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) technology is groundbreaking renewable energy technology that can produce electricity from waste. It is a bio electrochemical system that governs the natural metabolisms of bacteria to produce electrical power. This review paper focuses on the future and current perspective of urine-powered MFC. Inside the MFC, bacteria oxidize the nutrients in their neighboring environment and release a portion of the energy into electrons and protons. The MFC technology is a sustainable solution for utilizing 6.5 trillion liters of urine produced and sewages that are disposed without treating, across the worldwide each year. Human urine is loaded with nutrients like Potassium, Ammonium, phosphorous, Urea which enables bacteria to populate on eating those nutrients. In fact, these exo-electrogene bacteria can be used to produce electricity in Microbial fuel cells which can power mobile phones and LEDS at home. By the experiment carried out by UWE Bristol occupying 6 modules of novel stacked connected in series and parallel combination operated to charge a smartphone provided 2 h of call-time for every 3.5 h of charging, just employing 720 mL of urine as fuel every 6 h. This paper highlights the research prospectus of the Urine-powered Microbial Fuel.
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