Abstract
According to previous research studies, consumers worldwide are searching for new natural-oriented hair products that are both skin and environmentally friendly. Worldwide waste and air pollution, with the consequent environmental disasters, represent the greatest risk to human health and economy, further increased by the COVID-19 pandemic. Among others, non-biodegradable molecules are present in hair products (fossil-based additives, surfactants, etc.) and macromolecules (plastics). Plastics waste is considered the most serious problem, representing a forecast amount of 460 million tons per year by 2030, 12% of which is reused or recycled. Most plastics consumed, therefore, go to landfills and incineration, also if their recycling is considered an important driver of industrial profitability. Thus, the use of biopolymers represents an interesting alternative to produce biodegradable goods and tissues. After an introduction to the worldwide waste problem and the hair structure, the present review proposes the possibility to make biodegradable tissues that, realized by chitin nanofibrils and nano-lignin as natural polymers, may be used to produce an innovative and smart cosmetic hairline. Chitin-derived compounds are considered interesting polymers to produce non-woven tissues able to repair the hair damages provoked by the aggressiveness of both the environment and some aggressive cosmetic treatments, such as setting, bleaching, permanent waving, and oxidative coloring. The possible activity, that positively charged polymers such as chitin could have, has been speculated, interfering with the constitution and organization of the hair fibrils’ structure, which is negatively charged. The possibility of selecting biopolymers for their packaging is also discussed. Moreover, the use of these biopolymers, obtained from forestry-agro-food waste, may be of help to safeguard the further consumption of natural raw materials, necessary for future generations, also maintaining the earth’s biodiversity.
Highlights
According to previous research studies, the evolution of cosmetic product formulations and packaging can exponentially favor the market worldwide, especially in the AsiaPacific area (APAC) [1,2,3,4]
It is possible to suppose that chitin nanofibrils could have the same reparative activity on the hair structure, acting probably on the crosslinked hard keratin filaments network, by the same mechanism they are using at the level of the skin soft keratin ones, as previously reported
During the years 1950–2018, global production of plastics and synthetic polymers had a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.3% with an estimated 9200 million metric tonnes (Mt) of mini- plastics produced, 5300 Mt of which were discarded in the environment
Summary
According to previous research studies, the evolution of cosmetic product formulations and packaging can exponentially favor the market worldwide, especially in the AsiaPacific area (APAC) [1,2,3,4]. The necessity to reduce waste, produce and consume cosmetics, beauty- and surgical masks, textiles, and other goods made by biodegradable polymers has become an urgent necessity This new way of living could certainly save human health and the environment, hoping that the COVID-19 pandemic may act as a catalyst in the implementation of the circular economy at full capacity [13,14,15]. The reason to use chitin nanofibrils and nanolignin is the main topic of this paper, which reports some literature results, focusing the discussion on their supposed mechanism of action on the hair structure These biodegradable polymers could be used both as carriers and active ingredients for the treatment of hair damaged by stress, aging, and the environmental weathering processes, introducing the new concept of cosmeceutical-tissues [29], as previously proposed for the skin [14]
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