Smart Agricultural Machine with a Computer Vision-Based Weeding and Variable-Rate Irrigation Scheme

Chung-Liang Chang,Kuan-Ming Lin

doi:10.3390/robotics7030038

Chung-Liang Chang, Kuan-Ming Lin

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics7030038

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Abstract

This paper proposes a scheme that combines computer vision and multi-tasking processes to develop a small-scale smart agricultural machine that can automatically weed and perform variable rate irrigation within a cultivated field. Image processing methods such as HSV (hue (H), saturation (S), value (V)) color conversion, estimation of thresholds during the image binary segmentation process, and morphology operator procedures are used to confirm the position of the plant and weeds, and those results are used to perform weeding and watering operations. Furthermore, the data on the wet distribution area of surface soil (WDAS) and the moisture content of the deep soil is provided to a fuzzy logic controller, which drives pumps to perform variable rate irrigation and to achieve water savings. The proposed system has been implemented in small machines and the experimental results show that the system can classify plant and weeds in real time with an average classification rate of 90% or higher. This allows the machine to do weeding and watering while maintaining the moisture content of the deep soil at 80 ± 10% and an average weeding rate of 90%.

Highlights

IntroductionWhen automation and mechanization technology matured, tractors replaced moving farming machines in place of livestock
Traditional agricultural models utilize inefficient and labor intensive human labor
The scheme that is proposed in this paper includes the use of the image processing technique to classify crops and weeds and to estimate the wet distribution area of surface soil (WDAS), the fuzzy logic control method to obtain the pulse width modulation (PWM) level to drive the water pump, and multi-tasking processes to execute weeding and variable rate irrigation

Summary

Introduction

When automation and mechanization technology matured, tractors replaced moving farming machines in place of livestock. This was a solution to solve the issues of insufficient labor and the aging farming population [1]. To complete weed control tasks, machine devices such as weed mowers or spray machines can be used and operated via manual control or tractors [2]. These methods require indiscriminate spraying, watering, or weed removal operations. Inadequate dosage control can adversely affect the soil and crop growth This is true for watering and fertilizing. The variable rate spraying with herbicides and the development of smart weeding machines are the most common practices in recent years

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