Abstract
Author studies the history of smallpox vaccination in the Orenburg province of the second half of the 19th – early 20th centuries. Vaccination is considered against the background of the incidence of smallpox. The development of Immunization on this eastern outskirts was characterized by positive (albeit unstable) dynamics and slower pace than in European Russia. The reasons for this situation were covered in organizational troubles and lay in the presence of anti-vaxxer groups (non-russians («inorodcy»), Cossacks, Old Believers («staroobrjadcy»), migrants). The First World War negatively affected the results of immunization and the development of smallpox epidemics in the region.
 For citation: Golikova S.V. Smallpox vaccination in the Orenburg province. From History and Culture of Peoples of the Middle Volga Region. 2023, vol.13, no.3, pp.60–77. https://doi.org/10.22378/2410-0765.2023-13-3.60-77 (In Russian)
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