Smallholders’ apple-based agroforestry systems in the north-western highlands of Ethiopia

Abstract

Apple-based agroforestry system could significantly improve the livelihoods of small-scale farmers in the drought-prone areas of north-western Ethiopia. This study, based on 200 households’ farm interviews, aims at providing information and analysis on how to improve such systems and therefore foster apple orchard systems in Ethiopia. It examines factors influencing farmers’ decisions on land allocation to apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) orchards and the respective number of apple trees planted using fractional probit and negative binomial regression models. Results indicate that farmers, among other characteristics, with education, received training, being experienced, participating in off-farm activities, having less labor force in the household but more financial means to invest in orchards, are more likely to establish apple orchards. Insect pests and diseases, theft, frost damage and water stress, poor agronomic practices and market restrictions are identified as constraints to apple production systems. The study has important policy implications so as to create more awareness through education, build capacity through the provision of short-term training on apple orchard management practices, introduce apple specific production packages and extension support services, and support off-farm activities to employ extra labor and generate cash to invest in fruit orchards that will help resource-poor orchard farmers.