Small-aperture strategies for the correction of presbyopia.

Abstract

The recent scientific literature provides evidence of long-term results with small-aperture corneal inlays, as well as new evidence from a multicenter postmarket study of small-aperture intraocular lenses (IOLs) and early reports of the use of topical agents for presbyopia correction through pupil constriction. The field of small-aperture optics is growing and changing rapidly. This article reviews what is known to date about various small-aperture optics platforms, including a posterior chamber IOL, add on device, corneal inlay, contact lenses, and pupil-constricting drops. Additionally, the impact of small-aperture technologies on light perception and visual performance, as well as the relative merits of monocular versus binocular small apertures are discussed. Small-aperture optics are a dynamic, physiologic solution to the problem of presbyopia. They are effective throughout the range of accommodation loss and in pseudophakia. Small-aperture optics offer an opportunity to improve vision in presbyopes with and without cataracts. In some forms, they may also be able to reduce the impact of aberrations or improve vision in eyes with corneal irregularities, scars, or iris damage.