Abstract
Small sewage wastewater treatment plants are used for treatment of domestic wastewater from individual residential houses, small schools, roadside cafes, restaurants, small railway stations, camping sites, etc., where there is no centralized sewage network. In cases when there is a limited space for the installation of small-scale treatment facilities, authors suggest using of septic tanks and drainage wells. Sewage effluents are collected with gravity force, without using electricity. Usage of proposed constructions does not cause pollution of soils and underground water horizons. Sanitary environment is stable and predictable.
Highlights
In developed countries, small-scale sewage treatment facilities are used for cleaning wastewater from small households, individual residential houses, small schools, roadside cafes, restaurants, etc., where there is no centralized sewage system.Using small-scale treatment plants includes biological cleaning of domestic sewage in special facilities where natural treatment is modeled
Such facilities are compact, have small area footprint, may combine mechanical and biological treatment of waste water, treatment of sediment, cleansing and disinfection in a single block. This allows to locate them near drainage facilities, to reduce costs, to simplify operation and sanitary control. Their main features are that in many cases such treatment facilities are able to operate without energy resources, they are cheap compared with centralized sewerage network
There are many varieties of septic tanks that are used in small-scale wastewater treatment structures
Summary
Small-scale sewage treatment facilities (sometimes called local ones) are used for cleaning wastewater from small households, individual residential houses, small schools, roadside cafes, restaurants, etc., where there is no centralized sewage system.Using small-scale treatment plants includes biological cleaning of domestic sewage in special facilities where natural treatment is modeled. In small-scale wastewater treatment plants, household sewage treatment is performed in two stages. In the septic tank household wastewater should stay from three to five days.
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