Abstract
Small-scale irrigated farming has been offered as a climate-smart agriculture technology to boost production and diversify livelihood scenarios as an option to mitigate climate change and variability. Small-scale irrigation as a climate-smart agriculture strategy is one of the most important adaptation options for increasing agricultural production in rural areas, stabilizing agricultural production and productivity, and mitigating the negative effects of variable or insufficient rainfall. The reviewed literature showed that the adoption of small-scale irrigation farming as a climate-smart agriculture practice has a significant positive influence on farming income. Small-scale irrigation practice increases the adaptive capacity of households by enhancing farm income. Small-scale irrigation users are better off in crop production that enhances household income and enables buffer against climate variability compared with non-users. Small-scale irrigation is an important strategy in reducing risks associated with both rainfall variability production of different crops twice or three times within a year and increasing income of rural farm-households. Farmers' age, distance to market, and formal employment all negatively influence small-scale irrigation adoption. Off-farm employment, irrigation equipment, access to reliable water supplies, and awareness of water conservation practices all positively promote Small-scale irrigation adoption. As a result, governments and other key stakeholders should consider strengthening small-scale irrigated farming in rural families as climate smart agriculture. Keywords: CSA, Small-scale irrigation adoption, household income, livelihood. DOI: 10.7176/JESD/12-17-02 Publication date: September 30 th 2021
Highlights
Nowadays, climate variability and changes are among the main environmental challenge within the world
According to Kinfe et al, (2011), farmers who are members of the formal and informal institutions such as water user association (WUA), peasant associations and local leadership, education are factors influenced to participate in small-scale irrigation farming
Numerous studies have indicated that small-scale irrigation positively correlated with household income in different parts of Ethiopia
Summary
Climate variability and changes are among the main environmental challenge within the world. According to (Dereje & Desale, 2016), small scale irrigation farming has a significant influence on improving farmers' livelihoods across a variety of variables, including crop diversification, enhanced agricultural productivity, household income, employment opportunities, and participation in community decisions. Small-scale irrigation, according to the author, is utilized to increase household livelihood diversification, but it generates job opportunities for a substantial segment of poor households Another scholar stated that irrigation provides work opportunities in the community and can improve the society's lifestyle and living quality (Getaneh Ayele., 2011). According to Getaneh Ayele (2011), the result of study identified that access to irrigation increases the opportunity for crop intensity and diversification, which increase cropping income, increases crop productivity, and stabilize the risk associated with crop Consistent with this Getacher et al, (2014); Diao et al, (2010) found out that small-scale irrigation farming reduces climate risks, improves crop production and reduces agricultural production’s overdependence on rainfall. According to Kinfe et al, (2011), farmers who are members of the formal and informal institutions such as water user association (WUA), peasant associations and local leadership, education are factors influenced to participate in small-scale irrigation farming
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