Small perturbations may change the sign of Lyapunov exponents for linear SDEs

Abstract

In this paper, we study the existence of [Formula: see text]-dimensional linear stochastic differential equations (SDEs) such that the sign of Lyapunov exponents is changed under an exponentially decaying perturbation. First, we show that the equation with all positive Lyapunov exponents will have [Formula: see text] linearly independent solutions with negative Lyapunov exponents under the perturbation. Meanwhile, we prove that the equation with all negative Lyapunov exponents will also have solutions with positive Lyapunov exponents under another similar perturbation. Finally, we show that other three kinds of perturbations which appear at different positions of the equation will change the sign of Lyapunov exponents.