Abstract
.Oral cancer is a growing health issue in low- and middle-income countries due to betel quid, tobacco, and alcohol use and in younger populations of middle- and high-income communities due to the prevalence of human papillomavirus. The described point-of-care, smartphone-based intraoral probe enables autofluorescence imaging and polarized white light imaging in a compact geometry through the use of a USB-connected camera module. The small size and flexible imaging head improves on previous intraoral probe designs and allows imaging the cheek pockets, tonsils, and base of tongue, the areas of greatest risk for both causes of oral cancer. Cloud-based remote specialist and convolutional neural network clinical diagnosis allow for both remote community and home use. The device is characterized and preliminary field-testing data are shared.
Highlights
Oral cancer incidence and death rates are an ongoing concern in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs)
Oral and oropharyngeal cancers are increasing in younger populations in middle- to high-income communities (MHICs) due to the spread of human papillomavirus (HPV), mostly affecting the tonsils and base of the tongue (BOT).[5,6,7]
We have developed a small form-factor, intraoral Autofluorescence imaging (AFI), and polarized white light imaging (PWLI) handheld probe utilizing a commercially available camera module (OV5648, Omnivision, Santa Clara, California), connected by USB to an LG G4 smartphone (LG, Seoul, South Korea) for low-cost, point-of-care oral, and oropharyngeal cancer screening (Fig. 1)
Summary
Oral cancer incidence and death rates are an ongoing concern in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). LMICs suffer the majority of worldwide new cancer cases and deaths along with
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