Small Firm Dynamism in East Asia

This research aimed to 1) to study the elements of the innovation model for small and medium enterprises in Thailand 2) to develop the model of the innovation model for small and medium enterprises in Thailand. There are 3 steps of research: 1) study documents and related research. 2) Develop a model for the innovation of small and medium enterprises in Thailand with questionnaire from manager of small and medium enterprises 400 persons 3) analyzed the elements of the development pattern of the innovation model for small and medium enterprises in Thailand by analyzing the elements; The statistics used for data analysis were percentage, range, quartile, mean, standard deviation and elemental analysis. Research findings showed that 1) The study of the innovation model for small and medium enterprises in Thailand found that it consisted of 3 important components: product innovation, process innovation, market innovation of the innovation model for small and medium enterprises in Thailand. 2) Development of the innovation model for small and medium enterprises in Thailand found that there are 5 main components: dynamic capabilities, market orientation, intellectual capabilities, innovation, competitive advantage. The innovation model for small and medium enterprises in Thailand overall and the aspects are good.

This paper reviews the evolution of small and medium firms in Thailand in recent years. It shows that such firms did not preserve their share of total employment during the period 1987–96; indeed, their share fell from 60% to 52% over this period. Much of this decline was felt in the category of very small firms (with less than 10 workers). This aspect is explored further by looking at small firm employment shares in three sub-periods of varying overall economic growth rates. It is found that when overall economic growth is high, the share of small firms tends to contract possibly because many small firms become medium in size and others disband because their owners can find more remunerative employment in larger firms. In slower growth periods, the employment share of small firms appears to rise probably because larger firms may be taking in less new workers or even laying off workers. The paper also calculates productivity measures (technical efficiency and total factor productivity) and shows that different measures give different rankings by size of firm.

This research investigated Supply Chain Management (SCM) in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Thailand, Slovakia, and Poland and compared the SCM practices among the three countries. The sole purpose was to first determine the various factors that influence SCM operations and SCM practices in each of the countries and then find out whether there is a difference among the three countries in terms of SCM operations and practices. The study was conducted using primary data collected from SME management personnel from the three countries. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the data using a 5-point Likert scale. The data was analyzed using multi-group Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of the study indicated that supply chain management practices and operations adopted by the small and medium enterprises in Thailand, Slovakia, and Poland were invariant. The environmental sustainability elements in SCM and the social aspects of sustainability in SCM have positively influenced SCM practices in all countries. The study recommended that SMEs in the countries should consider adopting the factors that support SCM, operationalizing the SCM through enhancing the capabilities of the end-user, and vitally taking into consideration the environmental sustainability elements in SCM, such as environmentally-friendly production processes, taking action towards waste management, and adopting production processes that inhibit the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere by encouraging the implementation of policies that foster the use of renewable energy sources in production.

This article explores the influence of the cultural intelligence of business owners upon the international performance of their firms, noting the mediating roles of international knowledge acquisition capability and adaptive capability. Using a questionnaire survey, data from 129 small and medium firms in Thailand were collected. Results from the partial least squares regression analysis found a positive effect of cultural intelligence on export performance; this was mediated through international knowledge acquisition capability but not through adaptive capability.

In emerging economies, the government is the main sector that plays a significant role in providing various kinds of support to help local entrepreneurial firms build their capabilities to effectively compete in export markets. However, due to a weak institution in these countries, a question begs to be answered whether government support is efficiently allocated to these firms. The aim of this research is to explore the interconnection between bribery, political network, and access to government support, as well as their effects on the export performance of small and medium enterprises in Thailand. Survey data collected from a sample of 170 firms that joined the trade exhibition in Bangkok were analyzed to provide evidence. Results from partial least squares regression showed that although government support was strongly associated with a firm’s export performance, the extent to which government support was received was found to be strongly associated with the political network that entrepreneurs have developed as well as the extent of bribery that they have engaged in.

In Thailand, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have played a significant role in promoting economic growth and sustainable development. Thai SMEs constitute a major source of employment, generate significant earnings, and contribute to the country's gross domestic product (GDP). Accordingly, the 4th SME Promotion Master Plan (2017-2021) has put a significant emphasis on upgrading Thai SMEs and increasing their growth potential. However, Thai SMEs still have problems and limitations, for instance, almost all are small enterprises, few medium enterprises, management system limitations, only a minority of SMEs able to compete in the international market, and a continuous trade deficit. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has further the slowdown in the economic growth of SMEs. (The Office of SMEs Promotion, 2022). Therefore, SMEs need to continuously improve and develop organizational performance to compete in the domestic and international markets. It is important to understand how SMEs can continue to grow and compete in the markets. Previous research in the business management literature indicates that there are several factors that account for the development of SMEs including CEO Attributes, leadership styles, and human resource management. Recent research also reveals that in order to survive the new normal imposed by COVID-19 and the market competition, several SMEs have adopted technical innovation and marketing and processes innovation (Akpan et al., 2020; El Chaarani et al., 2021). Keywords: Entrepreneurial Leadership; Intellectual Capital; Innovation; Organizational Performance

This research aims to study the factors affecting the efficiency of logistics management of small and medium enterprises in Thailand, a case study of logistics service providers. The sample consisted of 846 logistics service providers. The instrument used for collecting data was a questionnaire. The statistical approaches including percentage, mean, standard deviation, and multiple regression analysis with Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method were purposively used for the hypothesis testing. The finding was concluded that quick response strategy, office information systems, retention relationship, transportation, establishing relationship and facilities site selection, warehousing and storage affects positively on efficiency of logistics management of small and medium enterprises in Thailand, a case study of logistics service providers. Therefore, logistics service providers or the government organization that supporting logistics industry could adopt the results of the study to apply and plan the strategy to support logistics service industry in which it could be the tools of developing the logistics entrepreneurs in Thailand, and it could help develop capability in competing in national and international markets.

Most of the Small Medium Enterprises in Thailand don’t have sufficient accounting performance. Several elements have a significant effect on the accounting performance of small-medium enterprises. However, according to this study account management, innovative management and audit quality play a key role in the accounting performance of SMEs. There is a direct relationship between account management, innovative management, audit quality, quality of financial statement, and accounting performance. 340 account managers were surveyed aiming to collect primary data for this study. These 340 account managers were working with various SMEs in Thailand which was the respondents of this study. Primary data received from the respondents were analyzed by using Partial Least Square which is a statistical software. Hence, PLS helped to obtain the final results of this study. It was concluded that by increasing the value of account management, innovative management, and audit quality, the value of accounting performance also increases. Practically this study help account manager especially those working in SMEs of Thailand to enhance their accounting performance.

Most of the Small Medium Enterprises in Thailand don’t have sufficient accounting performance. Several elements have a significant effect on the accounting performance of small-medium enterprises. However, according to this study account management, innovative management and audit quality play a key role in the accounting performance of SMEs. There is a direct relationship between account management, innovative management, audit quality, quality of financial statement, and accounting performance. 340 account managers were surveyed aiming to collect primary data for this study. These 340 account managers were working with various SMEs in Thailand which was the respondents of this study. Primary data received from the respondents were analyzed by using Partial Least Square which is a statistical software. Hence, PLS helped to obtain the final results of this study. It was concluded that by increasing the value of account management, innovative management, and audit quality, the value of accounting performance also increases. Practically this study help account manager especially those working in SMEs of Thailand to enhance their accounting performance.

This research aimed to 1. Study factors of supplier quality management and production quality management that affect organization performance.2. Confirm the structural models that affect organization performance. This study was mixed methods research. The quantitative research consisted of 13 observable variables, which collected data from 260 medium and small companies in Thailand. The qualitative research collected data from a focus group of experts involved in organizational management, quality management, and supplier management of nine experts. The research results were found that 1. The structural model of organization performance in Small and Medium Enterprises in Thailand were consistent and harmonious with empirical data, with consistency values of c2= 94.89, df = 61, c2/ df = 1.56, CFI = 0.98, GFI = 0.95, SRMR = 0.049, RMSEA = 0.046. 2. Factors affecting organization performance are factors of Supplier Quality Management, and Production Quality Management, respectively.

The purpose of this paper is to shed more light on the potential small and medium enterprise sector. In the discussion, small business will be seen in a broader sense and focus not only on small and medium enterprises, but also on the small and medium enterprise sector. This research seeks to explain the potential benefits of this sector. The paper explains why to be a small enterprise and what the real impact of the small and medium enterprise sector can be on economic growth and development if supported by the right government and business environment. The small and medium enterprise sector is one of the important factors of economic growth. The small and medium enterprise sector has very different characteristics from large enterprises. However, what is less understood is why the economy actually needs so many small firms and why they are so important. This journal article summarises why this sector is considered strategic and what makes it so valuable for economic growth and development and can increase competitiveness in national and regional economies.

The purposes of this study were; (1) to explore the application level of the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Thailand, and (2) to explore the relationship between the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy and business performance of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Thailand. The assigned sample population included 395 business owners of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Thailand and a questionnaire was used as a tool for data collection. The statistics used in the analysis were Arithmetic Mean, Standard deviation, and the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient with defined statistical significance of .05. The study revealed that the application level of the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy to business management of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Thailand was at a high level. Knowledge in the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy, however, was applied at a moderate level. It was found that the relationship between the application of the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy and the business performance of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in Thailand was a significant relationship with statistical significance of .05. For the related components; Moderation, Reasonableness, Social Immunity, Knowledge, and Virtue, each was also found relevant to the business performance of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises with statistical significance of .05.

This article investigates the relations between positive impacts from Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), external support, knowledge about CSR and the degree of CSR practices according to international standards in the viewpoint of small and medium enterprises in Thailand. The survey among 262 small and medium enterprises in five sections in the northeastern region of Thailand reveals that positive impacts of CSR on internal issues have shown to be positively related to the degree of CSR practices in small and medium enterprises. While there is no clear evidence supporting the positive impacts of CSR on external issues, external support and knowledge of owners/managers of small and medium enterprises about CSR have influenced the degree of CSR practices. The results indicate that, for CSR practices according to international standards, Thai small and medium enterprises are more interested in internal issues providing tangible benefits for them. In addition, external support for Thai small and medium enterprises in CSR engagement may not be enough to have a noticeable effect on the degree of CSR practices in Thai small and medium enterprises.

Introduction: Several studies have been conducted to understand the factors affecting the business performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Small and medium-sized firms are the subject of policy, consumer, and management research. Studying small and medium enterprises' business performance helps assess the challenges and opportunities that these enterprises face, thereby proposing appropriate solutions to improve operational efficiency. Objectives: The research objective is to determine the factors affecting the business performance of small and medium enterprises in the Mekong Delta. On that basis, propose some solutions to improve the business performance of enterprises. Methods: The study uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods, in which qualitative research is conducted to build a model and complete the survey questionnaire. Quantitative research collects primary data from a business survey on a 5-point Likert scale. After being collected from the survey subjects, the data were coded, cleaned, and analyzed through the steps of assessing the reliability of the scale through Cronbach's Alpha coefficient, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), correlation analysis, and multivariate linear regression analysis to test the model and research hypotheses Results: The results of the survey data analysis with 240 small and medium enterprises conducted through the steps of assessing the reliability of the scale using Cronbach's Alpha, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis show that the business performance of enterprises is affected by six factors including Employee competency, Financial resources, Leader, Corporate culture, Technology platform, Digital Business Strategy. Based on the research results, propose policy implications to improve the business performance of enterprises. Conclusions: Based on the research results, propose policy implications to improve the business performance of enterprises.

Effect of innovations in human resource practices, innovation capabilities, and competitive advantage on small and medium enterprises’ performance in Thailand