Small-diameter mesocaval shunts: A 10-year evaluation

Abstract

The use of small-diameter portosystemic shunts for the treatment of bleeding esophageal varices caused by portal hypertension has emerged as an outgrowth of the development of polytetrafluoroethylene vascular grafts, which allow the use of a narrow lumen. We report our experience with this type of graft over a 10-year period. Thirty-three patients with good liver function (Child-Pugh class A) were electively operated. The average age of these patients was 45 years (range 17 to 71 years). Twenty-nine patients had liver cirrhosis, one had portal fibrosis, and three had idiopathic portal hypertension. Operative mortality was 3%, and the rebleeding rate was 15%. Postoperative encephalopathy was observed in 14 patients (11%), three of whom had grade III to IV encephalopathy. The remaining 11 patients, had mild encephalopathy that was easily controlled. Postoperative angiography showed shunt patency in 81% of the patients, reduction in portal vein diameter in 33% of the patients, and portal vein thrombosis in 6%. Good postoperative quality of life was observed in 63% of the patients. Survival according to the Kaplan-Meier actuarial method was 81% at 12 months, 56% at 60 months, and 36% at 10 years. These shunts are a good alternative for patients being considered for surgery in whom other portal blood flow preserving procedures (i.e., selective shunts, devascularization with esophageal transection) are not feasible.