Abstract
Abstract. In sprint events, the start is a special issue, which has led us to conduct a more in-depth study of some biomechanical aspects that, on the one hand, may have permissive effects on performance or, conversely, may have a restrictive influence, depending on the stance adopted by the sprinter when getting into the “set” position for the block start. Ensuring optimal angles at the joints of the body segments enables the runner to quickly react when the starter’s gun is fired, but especially to achieve the most efficient flexion-extension sequence of the lower limb joints (hip-knee-ankle) concurrently with providing the necessary balance that allows focusing attention on the sound of the gun. Carefully watching how the block start positions are approached, it has been found that no two athletes have the same stance at the “set” command and the same dynamics of the first steps. The different approaches to the speed running technique are mainly dependent on each athlete’s morphofunctional characteristics, which will leave their mark on efficiency and specific training sessions. There are many situations in which some say that only a particular position allows them “to feel that they push best the starting block”, while others try to imitate the start positions of certain sprinters they have seen in various television broadcasts just because they have noticed something special in their performance as compared to other athletes, but without understanding the degree of efficiency of those movements.
Highlights
IntroductionTracking the progress of performance in the last period, we draw the conclusion that nowadays top results can only be achieved if the athlete masters the correct technique in the smallest details
In order to develop the current research, we studied and made several kinograms that we considered to be most relevant to the block start, acceleration and sprint running for two athletes, Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce and Usain Bolt
In order for the start to be effective, the runner must ensure optimal angles at the triple extension of the lower limbs, which is necessary for the most efficient mobilisation of the muscle groups involved in the triple leg extension
Summary
Tracking the progress of performance in the last period, we draw the conclusion that nowadays top results can only be achieved if the athlete masters the correct technique in the smallest details. For this reason, it is more and more often said that currently the details, even the smallest ones, make the difference in major competitions. Milanese et al (2014) suggest that coaches and athletes should pay more attention to the rear knee angle throughout the training process in order to reach high horizontal velocity at the “set” command in the starting block and acceleration phases. Nagahara and Ohshima (2019) show that the location of the centre of pressure can influence the sprinter’s performance regardless of the starting block location and angle
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