Small dense LDL cholesterol is associated with metabolic syndrome traits independently of obesity and inflammation

Jiahua Fan,Min Xia,Yangqing Liu,Xinxiu Bai,Jia Shen,Nixuan Chen,Qiuyi Ke,Songping Yin

doi:10.1186/s12986-019-0334-y

Jiahua Fan, Min Xia + Show 6 more

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https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-019-0334-y

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Journal: Nutrition & Metabolism	Publication Date: Jan 21, 2019
Citations: 40	License type: open-access

Affiliation: Sun Yat-sen University

Abstract

BackgroundSmall dense LDL cholesterol (sdLDL-c) has been established to be highly associated with metabolic disorder. However, the relationship between circulating sdLDL-c and the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) has not been fully established.MethodsA total of 1065 Chinese males (45.07 ± 11.08 years old) without diabetes and general obesity was recruited into a population-based, cross-sectional study. The MetS was defined based on the updated National Cholesterol Education Program/ Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for Asian Americans. Serum sdLDL-c concentration was measured by a homogeneous assay method and its relationship with MetS and its traits was investigated.ResultsSerum sdLDL-c concentrations increased gradually with increasing numbers of MetS components (p < 0.001) and the proportion of patients with MetS increased gradually with increasing sdLDL-c levels (p for trend< 0.001). For the second, third, and fourth sdLDL-c quartiles versus the first, the OR (95% CI) for MetS were 4.47(2.41,8.28), 5.47(2.97,10.07) and 8.39(4.58,15.38) (p < 0.001 for trend) after multivariate adjustment. The stratified analysis conducted according to LDL-c levels showed that the OR between serum sdLDL-c levels and MetS was greater in those LDL-c levels lower than 3.3 mmol/L (OR = 22.97; 95% CI, 7.64–69.09) than in those LDL-c levels higher than 3.3 mmol/L (OR = 17.49; 95% CI, 4.43–68.98). Mediation analysis showed sdLDL-c mediated 38.6% of the association of waist circumference with triglycerides, while the association between sdLDL-c and MetS components did not mediate by hsCRP.ConclusionsThis study found that high sdLDL-c concentrations were associated with the presence of MetS independently of central obesity and inflammation.

Highlights

Small dense Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol has been established to be highly associated with metabolic disorder
This study found that high Small dense LDL cholesterol (sdLDL-c) concentrations were associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) independently of central obesity and inflammation
Subjects and settings Study participants were recruited from the locoman health screening in Shaoguan Railway Hospital (Shaoguan City, Definition of MetS MetS was defined based on the updated National Cholesterol Education Program/ Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for Asian Americans as having at least three of the following components: 1) waist circumference ≥ 90 cm for men or ≥ 80 cm for women; 2) TG ≥1.7 mmol/L; 3) high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol

Summary

Introduction

Small dense LDL cholesterol (sdLDL-c) has been established to be highly associated with metabolic disorder. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a group of clinical and laboratory abnormalities (central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia) that augment the risk of developing atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and all-cause of mortality [1,2,3]. Dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-c), a type of smaller LDL-c, is considered an emerging risk factor for T2DM and CVD. Subjects with higher sdLDL-c levels have been shown to be associated with an increased risk factor for cardiovascular disease both in cross-sectional and prospective observational studies [19,20,21,22]

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