Abstract
Choroidal melanoma is a malignant tumor prone to early metastasis. Its clinical picture is polymorphic, as a result of which it can simulate many diseases of the fundus, which are referred to in the literature as pseudomelanomas. Among these are: choroidal nevus, localized choroidal hemangioma, melanocytomas, choroidal metastatic carcinoma, congenital hypertrophy of retinal pigment epithelium, late stage of age-related macular degeneration, focal retinal choroiditis, organized subretinal hemorrhage, retinal hemangiomas. However, studies comparing the clinical signs of all listed pseudomelanomas and small choroidal melanoma are few. The first part of the review describes the ophthalmoscopic picture of the small choroidal melanoma and pseudomelanomas.
Highlights
Choroidal melanoma is a malignant tumor prone to early metastasis
Studies comparing the clinical signs of all listed pseudomelanomas and small choroidal melanoma are few
При эндофитной форме на периферии глазного дна выявляют бледнорозовый, оранжево-красный, светло-серый округлый очаг в капиллярном ложе между артериолой и венулой, с четкими границами, ассоциированный с дилятацией и извитостью приводящей артерии и дренирующей веной, соответствующей месту артериовенозного шунтирования и, как правило, не представляющий диагностических трудностей
Summary
Choroidal melanoma is a malignant tumor prone to early metastasis. Its clinical picture is polymorphic, as a result of which it can simulate many diseases of the fundus, which are referred to in the literature as pseudomelanomas. 1. Офтальмоскопическая картина беспигментной (А), слабопигментированной (Б) и пигментированной с оранжевым пигментом на поверхности (В) начальной меланомы хориоидеи (описание в тексте) Fig. 1. Ophthalmoscopy of amelanotic (А), low pigmented (Б) and pigmented with orange pigment on surface (В) small choroidal melanoma (description in the text) границами, с гладкой (65,1%) или неровной (34,9 %) поверхностью, оранжевым (30,6 %) или коричневым пигментом (в зависимости от пигментации), наличием друз (32,3 %) или субретинального экссудата (32 %) с преимущественно постэкваториальной локализацией (57 %) [1, 10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31].
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