Small architectural forms in open public spaces of the city

Abstract

The relevance of the problems of the development of public spaces and their design today is one of the most popular global trends in urban planning. The uniqueness of this or that city is formed precisely by public spaces, they also create a single and harmonious image of a metropolis. The so-called "alternative" elements: gazebos, verandas, terraces, pergolas, awnings, arches, recreation areas, stage platforms and others, are also used to form public spaces, like traditional squares, parks, boulevards. This article examines the role of small architectural structures in the context of creating open public spaces. The reasons for their appearance, the history of their existence in different time periods, functionality and rationality of use are also studied. Particular attention is paid to the basic principles of sustainable development of territories, which ensure the high quality of the urban environment. An example of one of these principles is the principle of comfortable mobility — those residents have access to the park zone comparable in speed and level of comfort. The nature-similarity of the forms of buildings is given as an example of one of the most effective and interesting methods of mutual integration of nature and architectural structures. The authors of the article made and presented sketches of various types of arbors: gazebos, barbecues, barbecue gazebos and decorative gazebos of free purpose, analyzed their functionality and considered the criteria for their location in a forest park area. The article contains information on the main types of materials used in modern construction. Also presented are data on measures for the improvement of the territory. On the example of one of the Moscow parks, it is proposed to consider several types of gazebos that meet the requirements of a given theme, the peculiarities of climatic conditions, the nature and specifics of use.