Abstract

AbstractSmall antennas are categorized into four types.Electrically Small Antenna (ESA), Physically Small Antenna (PSA), Physically Constrained Small Antenna (PCSA), and Functionally Small Antenna (FSA). Although one uses four categories, the classification is not necessarily distinct, so that one class of antenna can be classified into more than one class; for instance, when a patch antenna has the edge (radiating aperture) of one‐fifth wavelength in its peripheral, the antenna is referred to as both ESA and PCSA.Two major subjects exist in small antennas: (1) investigation of characteristics and performance of small antennas, and (2) exploitation of methods to attain small antenna, particularly ESA.

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