Abstract
Shrinkage differentiation and the need for multiple replenishments of slurry after fissure reinforcement are key problems for the grouting reinforcement of fissures in earthen sites. In this study, quicklime was mixed with 1.5% SH binder, clay, and fly ash in different proportions to prepare nine different mixtures and water-cement ratios of SH-(CaO + C + F) slurry. An expansibility test was performed, and based on the results, four groups of slurry were selected for a fluidity test. Ultimately, three different water-cement ratios were considered, and the mixing ratio of 3 : 2 : 5 was determined to produce the optimum slurry. The curing age was optimized according to the intensity and tensile and flexural strengths of the concretion. The selected slurry and curing age were then applied to testing traditional grouting technology and optimized grouting technology (i.e., microlime piles in the fissure) in fissure grouting field experiments. The acoustic wave, penetration resistance, and infrared thermal imaging results after fissure grouting were used to develop a preliminary explanation for the related mechanisms of slurry swelling, hardening, and lime pile compaction. The results showed that the combination of the preferred slurry and optimized grouting technology help address the problems of shrinkage differentiation on both sides of the fissure and need for multiple replenishments of the slurry after grouting.
Highlights
Earthen architectural sites are relics left over from production, culture, religion, and military activities in human history [1]
In the arid areas of Northwest China, most earthen sites are exposed to adverse environmental factors for long periods of time, which results in cracking, collapse, erosion, and other damages. is poses a serious threat to the longterm preservation of earthen sites
Fissures are the most common type of damage to earthen sites and cause media discontinuities and instability [6]. eir mechanism and prevention have become the focus of research on earthen site conservation
Summary
Earthen architectural sites are relics left over from production, culture, religion, and military activities in human history [1]. In the arid areas of Northwest China, most earthen sites are exposed to adverse environmental factors for long periods of time, which results in cracking, collapse, erosion, and other damages. Is poses a serious threat to the longterm preservation of earthen sites. Fissures are the most common type of damage to earthen sites and cause media discontinuities and instability [6]. Eir mechanism and prevention have become the focus of research on earthen site conservation. The most common treatment of fissures is grouting technology [7,8,9]. Screening candidate grouting materials and optimizing the grouting process are important for developing a slurry and grouting process that are more compatible with earthen sites in different regions
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