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Abstract
Skeletal muscle fibers are generally classified into two groups: slow (type I) and fast (type II). Fibers in each group are uniquely designed for specific locomotory needs based on their intrinsic cellular properties and the types of motor neurons that innervate them. In this review, we will focus on the current concept of slow muscle fibers which, unlike the originally proposed version based purely on amphibian muscles, varies widely depending on the animal model system studied. We will discuss recent findings from zebrafish neuromuscular junction synapses that may provide the framework for establishing a more unified view of slow muscles across mammalian and non-mammalian species.
Highlights
Skeletal muscle fibers are generally classified into two groups: slow and fast
Recent studies have shown that the differences in miniature endplate currents (mEPCs) kinetics between slow and fast muscle cells are a result of the distinct molecular compositions of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) in each fiber type [36] (Fig. 2)
Since slow fibers in zebrafish lack action potentials, it is possible that slower synaptic current kinetics are necessary to ensure effective muscle contractions
Summary
Skeletal muscle fibers are generally classified into two groups: slow (type I) and fast (type II). Luna and Eriko Daikoku contributed to this work 3 Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the article between tonic and phasic fibers in frogs was their ability to fire action potentials: tonic fibers did not generate spikes while phasic fibers propagated them. Studies examining a wider variety of species have shown that fast and slow fibers exhibit highly variable patterns of innervation, making them much more difficult to generalize than initially expected.
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