Abstract
Sugarcane bagasse was pyrolyzed using a laboratory fixed bed reactor to produce char and its by-product (pyrolysis liquid). The pyrolysis experiments were carried out using different temperatures (400°C and 500°C), heating rate (1 °C/min and 10 °C/min), and holding time (30 min and 60 min). Char was characterized according to its thermal properties, while the pyrolysis liquid was tested for its anti-fungal and anti-termite activities. Pyrolysis temperature and heating rate had a significant influence on the char properties and the yield of char and pyrolysis liquid, where a high-quality char and high yield of pyrolysis liquid can be obtained at a temperature of 500°C and a heating rate of 10 °C/min. The yield of char and pyrolysis liquid was 28.97% and 55.46%, respectively. The principal compounds of pyrolysis liquid were water, acetic acid, glycolaldehyde, 1-hydroxy-2-propanone, methanol, formic acid, levoglucosan, furfural, followed by some phenol compounds and guaiacol derivatives. Pyrolysis liquid at a concentration of 0.20% and 0.25% (v/v) caused a 100% inhibition of Coniophora puteana and Trametes versicolor, respectively, when performing inhibition growth tests in Petri dishes. Filter paper treated with 10% of pyrolysis liquid caused 100% of termite mortality, while only 5.65%–7.03% of the treated filter papers consumed by termites at such concentration. Pyrolysis liquid is potentially effective to be used in the formulation of wood protection against fungi and termites.
Highlights
Valorization, a concept of converting the biomass or waste into more useful products, has great potential in the context of waste management, sustainable practices, and promoting the circular bio-economy system
Pyrolysis temperature and heating rate had a significant influence on the char properties and the yield of char and pyrolysis liquid, where a high-quality char and high yield of pyrolysis liquid can be obtained at a temperature of 500°C and a heating rate of 10 °C/min
Since the temperature was found as a dominant factor influencing the char properties, char yield, and liquid yield, we evaluated the two types of pyrolysis liquid produced as a candidate for anti-fungal and anti-termite agents
Summary
Valorization, a concept of converting the biomass or waste into more useful products, has great potential in the context of waste management, sustainable practices, and promoting the circular bio-economy system. Lignocellulosic biomass offers unique advantages, as an abundant, lowcost resource, especially for the production of fuel, energy, and source of the chemical feedstock. Biomass is the only renewable material that can produce liquid fuels as an alternative to fossil fuel [1]. JRM, 2021, vol., no.1 many developing countries, biomass materials will contribute significantly to the development of sustainable energy sources. Most often, direct combustion is applied when biomass is used for energy. The said method only generates low efficiency (5%–15%) [2], due to lignocellulosic biomass’s natural properties that have low density and low calorific value. The conversion of the biomass residue into the concentrated form of energy can enhance biomass utilization efficiency
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