Abstract
Growth rate affects adipose tissue development and variations in growth rate may potentially impact adipokine expression. Samples of subcutaneous (SQ) and perirenal (PR) adipose tissues and longissimus muscle were collected at day 21 of age from the fastest and slowest growing piglets within seven litters. Reverse transcription and real-time PCR were used to quantify adipokine mRNA abundance. Leptin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα ) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA abundance were lower in SQ from slow growing piglets (SGP) than in fast growing piglets (FGP, P α gene expression were reduced in PR from SGP in comparison to FGP (P β (IL1β), IL15 and LPL were increased in the longissimus of SGP relative to FGP (P < 0.05). Analysis of mRNA abundance for these adipokines within adipose tissue at day 21 of age demonstrated that the effect of growth rate on adipokine expression varies among different adipokines and the internal and external sites of adipose tissue deposition (PR versus SQ). The increase in longissimus expression of LPL and IL15 suggests that nutrient partitioning for energy use may be greater in the skeletal muscle of the SGP.
Highlights
The period between birth and weaning of the piglet is a time of considerable growth with a pig quadrupling in size [1] and accompanied by the rapid accumulation of adipose tissues internally and externally; proceeding from 1% - 2% of body composition at birth to approximately 15% at weaning [2] [3]
Adiponectin gene expression was reduced by 36% in SQ of the slow growing piglet versus the fast growing piglet (P < 0.01, Figure 1(b))
Tumor necrosis factor α gene expression was reduced by 36% in SQ and 40% in PR of slow growing piglets relative to fast growing piglets (P < 0.05, Figure 1(c))
Summary
The period between birth and weaning of the piglet is a time of considerable growth with a pig quadrupling in size [1] and accompanied by the rapid accumulation of adipose tissues internally and externally; proceeding from 1% - 2% of body composition at birth to approximately 15% at weaning [2] [3]. Adipose tissue development is accompanied by the secretion of a variety of paracrine and endocrine growth factors, hormones and cy-. (2014) Slow Growing Pre-Weaning Piglets Have Altered Adipokine Gene Expression. Previous studies have demonstrated that adipose tissue from preweaning piglets can express a variety of cytokines and respond to various in vitro or in vivo hormonal stimuli [5]-[10]. Recent work has demonstrated that intrauterine growth retardation and the inherent stress susceptibility resulting from IUGR can affect adipokine gene expression in preweaning piglets [11]. The adipokines within the neonatal adipose tissue can respond to the changing physiological demands or condition of the animal
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