Abstract
Introduction:Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is one of the uncommon cardiovascular disorders and its prognosis is still debated.Objective:We aimed to review long-term follow-up data in patients with CAE and to evaluate the prognosis of CAE patients with coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP).Methods:This study had a prospective design and 143 patients with CAE were included. The angiographic and demographic characteristics were reviewed in detail. The patients were categorized, based on concomitant coronary artery stenosis detected by angiography, as CCAE group (n=87, ≥30% luminal stenosis) and ICAE group (n=56, <30% luminal stenosis) and also categorized by the coronary flow as CSFP group (n=51) and normal flow coronary ectasia - NCEA group (n=92). All patients were re-evaluated at 6-month intervals. Follow-up data, cardiovascular (CV) mortality, hospitalization and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were collected. The level of statistical significance was set at 5%.Results:Patients were followed up for an average of 56.9±7.4 months. During the follow-up, statistically significant differences were found in hospitalization, CV mortality and MACE between the CCAE and ICAE groups (P=0.038, P=0.003, P=0.001, respectively). The CSFP and NCEA groups were also compared. There was a statistical difference with respect to hospitalization between the CFSP and NCEA groups (P=0.001), but no difference was observed in terms of MACE and CV mortality (P=0.793 and P=0.279).Conclusion:CSFP accompanying CAE may be a predictor of hospitalization. Significant atherosclerotic plaques coexisting with CAE may be predictive for MACE.
Highlights
Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is one of the uncommon cardiovascular disorders and its prognosis is still debated
There was a statistical difference with respect to hospitalization between the CFSP and NCEA groups (P=0.001), but no difference was observed in terms of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and CV mortality (P=0.793 and P=0.279)
coronary slow flow phenomenon (CSFP) accompanying CAE may be a predictor of hospitalization
Summary
Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is one of the uncommon cardiovascular disorders and its prognosis is still debated. Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is described as the dilation of a segment of a coronary artery at least 1.5 times the adjacent segment[1]. CAE and aneurysms are encountered in 1.5-5% of coronary angiographies, but are less frequent in non atherosclerotic cases[2]. CAE is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, such as coronary spasm, thrombosis, distal embolization, dissection, and myocardial ischemia[5]. Isolated coronary artery ectasia (ICAE) is defined as the absence of coronary artery stenosis and accounts for roughly 0.1-0.79% of all CAE cases[6]. Higher rates of morbidity and mortality were found in CAE patients with atherosclerosis than in ICAE patients in previous studies[7]. There are limited data in the literature regarding CAE and especially its prognosis due to its low incidence
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