Abstract
Due to natural environmental conditions and the effect of man, geological disasters (landslides, earthquakes, etc.) pose a serious threat to ancient relics distributed across China. In consideration of the current situation at the Tonglushan ancient copper mine relics, and on the basis of hydrology and geological engineering conditions of ancient relics, major factors affecting slope stability of ancient relics are analyzed. In light of major working condition types in the slopes of ancient relics, slope stability in relation to earthquakes and rainfall is analyzed using GeoStudio software with limit equilibrium methods. Results indicate that, with sustained rainfall, all slopes in the current reinforcement measure maintain a suitable stabilization status, but slope stability will sharply decline in response to an earthquake. Therefore, the influence of mining blasting activities on slope stability is analyzed. In view of the deformation characteristics of ancient copper mines, the sliding force remote monitoring and warning system based on the constant resistance and large deformation anchor bolt is adopted to continuously monitor the stability of the west slope of the relics. Monitoring results show that the application of “mechanical gun” instead of “explosive blasting” mining technique in the open-pit mine has effectively reduced the influence of mining disturbance on the stability of the western slope. As slope deformation of the relics can be effectively monitored and controlled, our findings provide a theoretical basis to analyze slope stability in other similar cultural relics.
Highlights
Geological disasters due to landslides are a major type of natural disaster which have a history of affecting human populations.[1,2,3,4,5] Natural conditions and human engineering activities which have resulted due to the occurrence of landslides are complicated and varied
By observing the surface deformation configuration of the Tonglushan ancient copper mine relics, common points were identified for crack opening and surface subsidence, the degree of which varied
A number of factors have resulted in the deformation of the west slope of the Tonglushan ancient copper mine relics.[13,14,15,16]
Summary
Geological disasters due to landslides are a major type of natural disaster which have a history of affecting human populations.[1,2,3,4,5] Natural conditions and human engineering activities which have resulted due to the occurrence of landslides are complicated and varied. Collapse and landslide disasters resulting from open-pit mining severely threaten human safety These events damage mines and affect water conservation, traffic, historic preservation, and so on. Due to long-term unreasonable exploitation and unauthorized mining, the geological environment around the relics has been damaged Factors such as the high steep slope to the west of the relics (due to open-pit mining), the goaf at the bottom of the relics, and vibration of the relics due to mining practices have influenced the protection of the relics and threatened their safety. After comprehensive remedial action in 2010, issues relating to damage of the relics have significantly improved Factors such as the high steep slope, the goaf, and vibrations still exist. In consideration of current engineering geological conditions of the Tonglushan ancient copper mine relics, we analyzed major factors affecting slope instability in this area. In view of the protection particularity of the Tonglushan ancient copper mine relics, the sliding force remote monitoring and warning system was adopted to continuously monitor the stability of the west slope, providing a theoretical basis for slope stability and protection in relic area
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