Abstract
In recent years, the Industry 4.0 paradigm has gained special relevance, focused on the integration of smart structures to increase the efficiency of processes. Photonics, with laser advanced manufacture and light-based sensors, can offer great possibilities in this field. Within advanced manufacturing, femtosecond lasers allow inscribing different optical structures. Waveguides are one of the most widely used structures in photonic sensors. This work proposes the design, simulation and manufacture of symmetric cladding waveguides in optical fibers using the slit beam shaping technique. Cladding waveguides characterized by their low losses (0.21 dB$/cm), quasi-step-index refractive index profile, and circular cross-section are used to couple evanescent light from the core of a single-mode fiber to each of the four cores of a multicore fiber.
Highlights
I NDUSTRY 4.0, or 4th industrial revolution, involves the combination of existing advanced production techniques with smart technologies, with the aim of increasing the performance and efficiency of industry processes and services [1, 2]
Regarding the last mentioned technology, it seems clear that light science and technology is a key point in Industry 4.0, as evidenced by the fact that it is one of the six key enabling technologies (KETs) that the European Commission considers fundamental to its relaunch and sustained economic growth [6]
The red light (λ = 633 nm) introduced into the single-mode fiber (SMF) is coupled to the guided modes in the waveguide, and the power contribution increases along the coupling section (L1) of the cladding waveguide (CWG)
Summary
I NDUSTRY 4.0, or 4th industrial revolution, involves the combination of existing advanced production techniques with smart technologies, with the aim of increasing the performance and efficiency of industry processes and services [1, 2]. With great industrial applicability, it is important to highlight advanced light-based manufacturing Within this field, the micro-fabrication of 3D optical structures using femtosecond (fs) lasers is of notable importance [8, 9]. In advanced manufacturing using fs lasers, waveguides are one of the most widely manufactured optical structures, due to their great applicability in the field of photonic sensors [9]. The possibility of optically interconnecting different sensor structures allows to manufacture more complete and efficient sensors, key points in Industry 4.0. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first time this method has been used to inscribe symmetric waveguides in optical fibers
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