Abstract
ObjectiveSlingshot homolog-1 (SSH-1) shows an important role in the occurrence and development in various tumors. While, the expression and prognostic implications of SSH-1 in bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC) remain unclear and thus were addressed in this study.MethodsImmunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on tissue microarrays composed of 624 bladder UC specimens after transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-BT) to detect SSH-1 expression. The clinic-pathological features were compared between SSH-1( +) and SSH-1(−) subgroups. The Kaplan–Meier curve with log-rank test and univariate/multivariate Cox regression model with stepwise backward elimination methods were performed for survival analyses.ResultsIn this study, 359 (57.53%) specimens were detected with SSH-1 expression. SSH-1 positivity was significantly associated with higher pathological grade (p = 0.020), lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.006), tumor recurrence (p < 0.001) and progression (p < 0.001) in bladder UC. Besides, SSH-1 positivity predicted a shorter overall survival (OS, p = 0.024), recurrence-free survival (RFS, p < 0.001), progression-free survival (PFS, p = 0.002) and cancer-specific survival (CSS, p = 0.047). Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that tumor size (p = 0.007), lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.003), recurrence (p < 0.001), progression (p < 0.001) and SSH-1 expression (p = 0.015) were predictors of poor prognosis in bladder UC patients.ConclusionsSSH-1 expression was associated with undesirable clinic-pathological characteristics and poor post-operative prognosis in bladder UC patients. SSH-1 might play an important role in bladder UC and serve as a promising predictor of oncological outcomes in patients with bladder UC.
Highlights
Malignant bladder tumor (BT) is the ninth commonest cancer worldwide, accounting for approximately 390,000 cases and 150,000 deaths per year [1]
We investigated the expression of Slingshot homolog-1 (SSH-1) in bladder Urothelial carcinoma (UC) with immunohistochemistry (IHC) and clinic-pathological characteristics with aims to explore whether SSH-1 could serve as a prognostic indicator of stage pT1 bladder UC
The association of SSH-1 expression in bladder UC specimens with clinic-pathological characteristics of included patients
Summary
Malignant bladder tumor (BT) is the ninth commonest cancer worldwide, accounting for approximately 390,000 cases and 150,000 deaths per year [1]. World Journal of Urology (2020) 38:2849–2856 most common cancer in men and ranks thirteen according to mortality from all malignant tumors. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TUR-BT) has been the standard treatment for initial, non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), including carcinoma in situ (CIS), stage Ta and T1 BT [4]. A comprehensive research about the relationship of SSH-1 expression and bladder UC patients has not been reported. We investigated the expression of SSH-1 in bladder UC with immunohistochemistry (IHC) and clinic-pathological characteristics with aims to explore whether SSH-1 could serve as a prognostic indicator of stage pT1 bladder UC
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