Slight High-Frequency Hearing Loss, Effect of COVID-19 or Hydroxychloroquine Usage?

Abstract

Background and ObjectivesConcerns about ototoxic and vestibulotoxic effects have been raised with the use of antiviruses in the treatment of COVID-19. This study aimed to determine the effect of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and examine the auditory system and its associated auditory and vestibular symptoms in patients with COVID-19.Study DesignProspective study.PatientsThirty patients with a history of HCQ (HCQ+) and 30 patients without drug use (HCQ−), and 30 healthy adults as the control group participated.Main Outcome Measure(s)Audiological assessments and evaluation of audio-vestibular symptoms. Evaluations were also repeated 1 month later.ResultsBoth HCQ+ and HCQ− groups showed poor pure-tone audiometry (PTA) thresholds and decreased transient evoked otoacoustic emission amplitudes at high frequencies in comparison to the healthy group. Despite the lack of significant differences in PTA between the two groups of patients, the differences in transient evoked otoacoustic emission amplitudes were significant. PTA thresholds and otoacoustic emission showed improvement after 1 month. Dizziness was the most common symptom that was reduced after 1 month.ConclusionSlight hearing loss was seen in patients with COVID-19 with or without HCQ. Also, hearing thresholds in the HCQ+ group did not show a significant difference compared with the HCQ− group. Nevertheless, it seems that more damage is done to the hair cells of patients with HCQ intake than in other patients. Hence, the ototoxicity effect of high doses of HCQ use in the COVID-19 patients should be considered. A relative improvement in the hearing was seen over time in both patient groups.