Abstract
Intestinal environments such as microbiota, mucosal barrier function, and cytokine production affect egg production in laying hens. Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) is an agent that disrupts the intestinal environment. Previously, we reported that the oral administration of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS: 0.9 g/kg BW) for 5 days caused severe intestinal inflammation in laying hens. However, the DSS concentration in the previous study was much higher to induce a milder disruption of the intestinal environment without heavy symptoms. Thus, the goal of this study was to determine the effects of a lower dose of DSS on the intestinal environment and egg production in laying hens. White Leghorn laying hens (330-day old) were oral administered with or without 0.225 g DSS/kg BW for 28 days (DSS and control group: n = 7 and 8, respectively). Weekly we collected all laid eggs and blood plasma samples. Intestinal tissues, liver, ovarian follicles, and the anterior pituitary gland were collected 1 day after the final treatment. Lower concentrations of orally administered DSS caused (1) a decrease in the ratio of villus height/crypt depth, occludin gene expressions in large intestine and cecal microbiota diversity, (2) a decrease in egg yolk weight, (3) an increase in VLDLy in blood plasma, (4), and enhanced the egg yolk precursor accumulation in the gene expression pattern in the follicular granulosa layer, (5) an increase in FSH and IL-1β gene expression in the pituitary gland, and (6) an increase in concentration of plasma lipopolysaccharide binding protein. These results suggested that the administration of the lower concentration of DSS caused a slight disruption in the intestinal environment. This disruption included poor intestinal morphology and decreased cecal microbiome diversity. The change in the intestinal environment decreases egg yolk size without decreasing the VLDLy supply from the liver. The decrease in egg yolk size is likely to be caused by the dysfunction of egg-yolk precursor uptake in ovarian follicles. In conclusion, the oral administration of a lower dose of DSS is an useful method to cause slight disruptions of intestinal environment, and the intestinal condition decreases egg yolk size through disfunction of ovarian follicle.
Highlights
IntroductionThe healthy maintenance of the intestine is important for sustainable meats and egg production in chickens
The intestine is the primary organ for digestion and absorption of nutrients
We previously reported that the oral administration of Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) (0.9 g/kg BW) for 5 days caused severe intestinal inflammation and reduced egg laying in laying hens through the disruption of the egg yolk precursor production in association with liver inflammation (Nii et al, 2020)
Summary
The healthy maintenance of the intestine is important for sustainable meats and egg production in chickens. Intestinal health is closely related to the condition of the intestinal environment, such as the balance of microbiota, mucosal barrier function, and cytokine production. A good intestinal environment contributes to the efficiency of feed digestion and nutrient absorptive function, preventing microbial infection and enhancing chicken egg and meat production (Possemiers et al, 2009; Shang et al, 2018). Pathogenic infections in the intestine of layer and broiler breeder hens reduce their egg and meat production (Klasing, 2007; Lensing et al, 2012; Ritzi et al, 2014). It is suggested that pathogen infection causes disruption in the intestinal environment, including intestinal inflammation and a decline in poultry productivity. Understanding the mechanism by which the intestinal environment affects poultry production is highly important
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