Abstract
This paper proposes two sliding mode observer (SMO)-based fault-tolerant secondary control schemes for microgrids. The first scheme consists of a central SMO-based fault tolerant controller that uses outputs from the microgrid and estimates all states in the microgrid as well as the fault. The estimated fault is then used to reject the effect of faults on the microgrid. The second scheme is decentralised, where each distributed generator (DG) has its own SMO-based fault tolerant controller which would estimate faults affecting that DG alone, and compensate for faults in only that DG. By rejecting the effect of faults in each DG, the effect of faults on the entire microgrid can be negated. Finally, we simulate an example using both schemes, and its results verify the efficacy of the schemes for fault-tolerant secondary control of microgrids.
Highlights
A microgrid is defined as a group of loads and distributed energy resources (which include distributed generators (DGs)) operating in a controlled, coordinated manner while connected to the main grid, or while islanded [1]
The first scheme is the centralised scheme, where a central sliding mode observer (SMO) is designed to estimate all faults affecting the microgrid based on the outputs from the microgrid
The dynamics of the microgrid considered in the paper includes faults in the secondary control, as well as compensation to negate the effects of these faults
Summary
A microgrid is defined as a group of loads and distributed energy resources (which include distributed generators (DGs)) operating in a controlled, coordinated manner while connected to the main grid, or while islanded [1]. DG generally operates under its own varying conditions [4,6] Another consensus-based scheme for multi-area systems was proposed in [20], which focusses on the tertiary control loop and performs sensor fault-tolerant control (FTC) using knowledge of local and neighbouring subsystem states. The SMO-based controller uses the estimated fault to negate the effects of all faults in the entire microgrid. Two observer-based fault-tolerant secondary control schemes for a faulty microgrid are presented Both schemes use a SMO to estimate faults affecting the microgrid (which were not considered in [4,6,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17]), and negate the effect of the faults on the microgrid.
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