Abstract
BackgroundA high-fat diet (HFD) is known to lead to obesity, and contributes to the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) on the progression of HFD-induced hepatic steatosis.MethodsFifteen 4-week-old, male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into three groups: NC, HFD + SHAM and HFD + SG. Their body weight, glucose-lipid metabolism, inflammation indices, hepatic steatosis and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels were measured.ResultsPostoperatively, body weights in the HFD + SHAM and HFD + SG group rats decreased during the first week. Thereafter, HFD + SG rats regained their body weight. Differences in insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, triglyceride, free fatty acid, tumor necrosis factor-α and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 levels were statistically significant across the three groups (all P < 0.05). Interestingly, FGF21 levels in the HFD + SG group were markedly lower than in the HFD + SHAM group (P = 0.015), however, there were no differences in the NC group. Hematoxylin and eosin staining demonstrated that more vacuoles were present in the HFD + SHAM liver when compared to the HFD + SG liver. Oil-red O staining showed less red dots in the HFD + SG liver.ConclusionsDespite eating, surgical re-routing of the gut may prevent weight accumulation, regulate glucose-lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity, control a chronic inflammatory state, change the secretion pattern of FGF21 and alleviate the severity of fatty liver.
Highlights
A high-fat diet (HFD) is known to lead to obesity, and contributes to the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Body weights Postoperatively, body weights in the HFD + SHAM and HFD + sleeve gastrectomy (SG) group rats decreased over the course of the first week (P = 0.021, Fig. 1)
Thereafter, HFD + SG rats regained their body weight, but at a higher rate compared to the HFD + SHAM rats
Summary
A high-fat diet (HFD) is known to lead to obesity, and contributes to the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Social economy, cultural influences, and other predisposing factors are known to impact the development and progression of obesity [2]. One significant characteristic of obesity is the high occurrence of comorbidities, including coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) [3]. Bariatric surgery is an established treatment, which is part of complex and interdisciplinary therapeutic approach, for patients with severe obesity and metabolic syndrome [4], allowing for long term weight loss [5, 6]. Bariatric surgery reduces long-term mortality, and improves the histopathological aspects of NAFLD [7, 8]. The exact mechanisms underlying this have not yet been elucidated
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