Abstract
Myopia, a leading cause of distance vision impairment, is projected to affect half of the world’s population in 30 years. We analysed the relationship between certain demographic, environmental, and behavioural factors and myopia from a 2-year school-based, prospective trial conducted in Shanghai, China. This trial enrolled 6295 school-aged children at baseline and followed them up for 24 months. The relationship between abovementioned factors and myopia was examined and the role of sleep in childhood myopia development was highlighted. Our results suggest that ‘sleeping late’ is a risk factor for myopia prevalence at baseline (odds ratio [OR] = 1.55, p = 0.04), 2-year myopia incidence (odds ratio [OR] = 1.44, p = 0.02) and progression over 24 months (p = 0.005), after adjusting for residency area, age, gender, sleep duration, and time spent outdoors. The identification and consistency of results with late sleepers being a susceptible group to both myopia onset and progression suggests a complex relationship between circadian rhythm, indoor environment, habitual indoor activities and myopia development and progression. These results can offer new insights to future myopia aetiology studies as well as aid in decision-making of myopia prevention strategies.
Highlights
Myopia, a leading cause of distance vision impairment, is projected to affect half of the world’s population in 30 years
Most myopia studies to date that investigated the role of sleep focused solely on the duration of it and there is a lack of longitudinal studies exploring the ‘timing’ or circadian rhythm aspect of sleep
Our study demonstrated no evidence supporting a relationship between sleep duration and myopia, which is similar to the conclusion drawn by a Singaporean study on 376 infants, where they found no association between sleep duration at 12 months and myopia at 3 years[22]
Summary
A leading cause of distance vision impairment, is projected to affect half of the world’s population in 30 years. We analysed the relationship between certain demographic, environmental, and behavioural factors and myopia from a 2-year school-based, prospective trial conducted in Shanghai, China This trial enrolled 6295 school-aged children at baseline and followed them up for 24 months. The identification and consistency of results with late sleepers being a susceptible group to both myopia onset and progression suggests a complex relationship between circadian rhythm, indoor environment, habitual indoor activities and myopia development and progression. Commonly known as ‘short-sightedness’ or ‘near-sightedness’, is predicted to affect approximately five billion people worldwide by 2 0501 It is the most frequent cause of distance visual impairment in the world and results in enormous socio-economic burden[2,3]. The duration and the pattern of sleep and their associations with childhood myopia from a 2-year prospective, school-based study
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