Sleeping Habits Predict the Magnitude of Fat Loss in Adults Exposed to Moderate Caloric Restriction

Abstract

Objective: To verify whether sleep quantity and quality at baseline predict the magnitude of fat loss in adults subjected to moderate caloric restriction. Methods: A total of 123 overweight and obese men and women (age, 41.1 ± 6.0 years; BMI, 33.2 ± 3.6 kg/m² (mean ± SD)) underwent a weight loss intervention consisting of a targeted 600–700 kcal/day decrease in energy intake supervised by a dietician. The length of the intervention varied between 15 and 24 weeks. Body fat mass (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), sleep quality (total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score) and sleep duration (h/night, self-reported from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) were assessed at both baseline and at the end of the weight loss program. Results: The mean weight loss over the dietary intervention was 4.5 ± 3.9 kg, 76% of which came from fat stores. Using a multiple linear regression analysis, we observed a significant positive relationship between sleep duration and the loss of body fat, both in absolute (adjusted β = 0.72 kg/h; p < 0.05) as well as in relative terms (adjusted β = 0.77%/h; p < 0.01), after adjusting for age, sex, baseline BMI, length of the intervention, and change in total energy intake. Furthermore, we observed that a better sleep quality at baseline was associated with greater fat mass loss. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that sleeping habits can influence the success of a weight loss intervention and should be taken into consideration when one decides to start a diet.